1. Please list your grievances about school.

2. Would you be willing to post this on the Principal’s door?? ProsCons

3. Aim: What were the causes of the Protestant Reformation?

4. Corruption in the Catholic Church The Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377) – Pope brought by, and dominated by, the French King to Avignon, France The Great Schism (1378-1415) – 2 Popes, French supported one in Avignon and a Pope in Rome supported mostly by French enemies

5. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION Continuing crisis of the Church  Growing popular dissatisfaction  too much emphasis on ritual  increasing secularization  wealth, corruption, abuse Caricature of Pope Alexander VI Uvm.edu

6. Johan Tetzel “As soon as the gold in the casket rings, the rescued soul to heaven springs.” – money is raised at alarming rate from indulgences

7. Why did Luther object to the sale of indulgences?

8. What were some other abuses of the Catholic Church? Nepotism- giving of jobs to relatives or friends Simony- bribery for pardons, or privilege getting jobs

9. Martin Luther

10. How was Martin Luther’s version of Christianity different from the Catholic Church?

11. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546)  Revised Christian doctrine  clergy no different than rest  rejected belief in purgatory  reduced 7 sacraments to 2: baptism & communion  called for end of monasteries  Bible to be written in the vernacular Faith = Salvation The balance: The Church v. the Bible Uvm.edu

12. Why do you think the German princes supported Martin Luther? Legal Disclaimer: The prince shown is not actual size and is not necessarily German

13. Lutheranism Dominant in Northern Germany (HRE) Dominant in Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland) Not a minority anywhere

14. Martin Luther on the peasant rebellions of 1525 "They should be knocked to pieces, strangled and stabbed, secretly and openly, by everybody who can do it, just as one must kill a mad dog!"

15. Who resisted efforts of conversion? …The Jews. Read the documents and answer the following questions: 1)According to Luther, why didn’t the Jews convert to Christianity under the Catholic banner? 2)How do you account for the very different tones in the two documents- that are BOTH written by Martin Luther?

16. Do you think Martin Luther could have been as successful without the printing press?

17. John Calvin

18. Calvinism (1536) – NOT a majority anywhere BUT a minority in many places Calvin fled France in 1536, went to Switzerland Published Institutes of the Christian Religion Faith alone to achieve salvation Predestination The Consistory was established to oversee moral life/punish sinners

19. Calvinist Sins Dancing Singing obscene songs Drunkenness Swearing Playing cards Wearing flashy clothes Idleness Gossiping Q: Why do you think Louis XIV’s revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which resulted in the expulsion of the (Calvinist) Huguenots, proved to be a big mistake?

20. Types of Calvinism Puritans - England Huguenots - France Presbyterians - Scotland Congregationalists - USA

21. Summary: How did the Protestant Reformation affect the Roman Catholic Church? How do you think the Church will react??

22. Differences between Church (Catholics) and Protestants denied the power of the pope and church ceremonies Believed that faith in God’s mercy gave salvation Accepted only the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper (Communion) Encouraged individual interpretation of the Bible

23. The Counter-Reformation Council of Trent – 1543-1563 - addresses corruption – bans indulgences -Reaffirms and clearly defines Church doctrine (need for ceremonies, need Church for Grace, action + faith = salvation) -New Religious Orders (Jesuits – Society of Jesus) – Ignatius Loyola Example of salvation by good deeds Monks – best educated, found colleges, argue with Protestants over doctrine, new missionaries (promote Catholicism)

24. Christianity Divisions and Timeline part 1 Early 30CE-313 CE – Christianity is a minority (but growing) religion in Roman Empire 313CE – Christianity becomes legalized religion in the Roman Empire (Emperor Constantine’s conversion – capital of Empire moved to Constantinople) 325 CE – Christianity is unified in Council of Nicea 380 CE – Christianity becomes official religion of Roman Empire (Emperor Theodosius) Western Roman Empire ----------------------------------------- Eastern Roman Empire (Catholic Church) (Orthodox Church) -Bishop of Rome (Head of Church) -Bishop of Constantinople (Head of Church) Only Bishop in West 3 Other Main Bishops in East 476 – City of Rome Falls Byzantine Empire represents continuation of Rome 1023 – Official Split of 2 Churches

25. Christianity Divisions and Timeline part 2 – 1,000,000,000 Catholics, 550,000,000 Protestants, 450,000,000 Orthodox Christians 1054 Official division of Orthodoxy and Catholicism (The Great Schism) 500- 1450 Middle Ages 500-1450 Byzantine Empire Local Churchs (not unified) Unified Church, Iconoclasm practices 1550s – Today (Split of Western Christianity) 1453 Byzantine Empire falls to Ottomans | | Roman Catholic vs Protestantism Eastern Orthodox Christians move | (Lutherans, Calvinists, Greek Orthodox Church | Anabaptists, Anglicans, etc.) Russian Orthodox Church Strong + necessary | Eastern Orthodox Church Church Leadership Individualism | Faith + Bible | Weak Church | | -1650 European Religious Wars | | Expansion into Expansion into Latin America via North America Spain + Portugal | | | Expansion into Southeast Asia Far East Via France Via Dutch, USA