1. DON’T FORGET- For all videos: Take Notes Complete Question sheet Show teacher notes; turn in question sheet

2. Video 1-1 Chemistry is a Physical Science; Matter and It’s Properties

3. Chapter 1 Matter and Change

4. 1-1) Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chemistry—the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes. What is a substance made of? What is its internal arrangement? How does it behave if heated, cooled, or mixed with other substances? Why?

5. 1-1) Chemistry Is a Physical Science Instruments are routinely used to extend our ability to Observe and make Measurements. scanning electron microscope— shoots beam of electrons at materials; scattering shows internal structure

6. 1-1) Chemistry Is a Physical Science

8. Instruments are routinely used to extend our ability to Observe and make Measurements. X-ray diffraction—how these rays bend as they are shot through a substance shows internal structure

9. 1-1) Chemistry Is a Physical Science

10. Branches of Chemistry: Organic chemistry: study of most carbon containing compounds –Ex. Petroleum industry Inorganic chemistry: study of all substances not classified as organic (not containing carbon) –Ex. New metallic alloys

11. 1-1) Chemistry Is a Physical Science Branches of Chemistry: Physical chemistry: study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy –Ex. Fuel cell technology Analytical chemistry: identification of components and composition of materials –Ex. Crime labs

12. 1-1) Chemistry Is a Physical Science Branches of Chemistry: Biochemistry: study of substances and the processes occurring in living things –Ex. Pharmaceutical companies

13. 1-1) Chemistry Is a Physical Science Branches of Chemistry: Theoretical chemistry: use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds –Ex. University researchers

14. 1-1) Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chemical—any substance that has a definite composition (chemical formula). Elements (sodium, oxygen, nitrogen) Compounds (water, sugar, salt)

15. 1-1) Chemistry Is a Physical Science Types of Research and Development: basic research—carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge (what, how, and why) –Ex. Creating new elements applied research—carried out to solve a specific problem –Ex. Creating lighter, stronger materials for automobile bodies

16. 1-1) Chemistry Is a Physical Science Types of Research and Development: technological development— involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life. –Manufacturing and producing efficient hydrogen fuel cells for cars

17. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Matter—anything that has mass and volume mass— a measure of the amount of matter (a measure of the resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion) volume—the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies.

18. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Basic Building Blocks of Matter: Atom—smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element Element—a pure substance made of only one kind of atom Ex. Helium, lithium

19. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Basic Building Blocks of Matter: Compound—substance made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Molecule—smallest unit of certain elements and compounds that retains all of the properties of that element or compound. Ex. H 2 O, C 12 H 22 O 11 (sucrose)

20. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Properties and Changes in Matter: Extensive properties—depend on the amount of matter that is present. –Ex. volume, mass, energy in a substance Intensive properties—do NOT depend on the amount of matter present. –Ex. boiling point, melting point, density

21. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Properties and Changes in Matter: Physical properties—characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity (chemical composition) of a substance. Ex. Mass, length, color, density

22. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Properties and Changes in Matter: Physical change—change in a substance that does NOT involve a change in the identity of the substance. Ex. any phase change (melting, boiling, etc.)

23. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Properties and Changes in Matter: PhaseShapeVolume Compressibility Soliddefinite None LiquidcontainerdefiniteNone Gascontainer High Plasmacontainer Slight

24. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Properties and Changes in Matter: Chemical Property—relates to a substance’s ability (or inability) to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. Ex. Oxygen reacts (combusts) with hydrogen but not helium

25. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Properties and Changes in Matter: Chemical Change (chemical reaction)—one or more substances are converted into different substances (different chemical composition) Ex. Iron rusting

26. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Properties and Changes in Matter: Chemical Change (chemical reaction)— one or more substances are converted into different substances (different chemical composition) reactants—substances that react in a chemical change products—substances that are formed by the chemical change

27. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Properties and Changes in Matter: reactants  products “reactants yield products”

28. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Energy and Changes: All changes (chemical and physical) involve energy Can be in many different forms (light, heat, mechanical) Can be absorbed or released by the system undergoing the change

29. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Energy and Changes: Energy is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical or physical process (assumes different form)  Law of Conservation of Energy

30. 1-2) Matter and Its Properties Energy and Changes: In the sun, matter is destroyed and energy is created through fusion? Why doesn’t this violate the Law of Conservation of Energy? Fusion is NOT a chemical or physical process (nuclear process).

32. Video 1-2 Intro to the Periodic Table; Classification of Matter

33. The Periodic Table

34. Group or family Period

35. Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

36. Transition Metals Rare Earth (Inner Transition) Metals Noble Gases Transition metals, noble gases, rare earth metals

37. 1A– Alkali Metals 2A– Alkaline Earth Metals 3A– Boron Family 4A– Carbon Family 5A– Nitrogen Family 6A– Oxygen Family 7A– Halogens families

38. Metals Shiny luster Good conductor of heat & electricity Malleable (hammered into sheets) Ductile (pulled into wires)

39. Metals High tensile strength (resist breaking when pulled or bent) Ex. Copper

40. Nonmetals Low melting points Dull luster Poor conductor of heat & electricity Brittle Ex. phosphorus

41. Metalloids characteristics of metals & nonmetals solids semiconductors of electricity less malleable than metals (more than nonmetals)

42. Noble Gases generally unreactive all are gases at room temp. helium (He) and neon (Ne) cannot form compounds

43. Classification of Matter More than 1 type of basic particle? Uniform composition? Broken down further? Y N YNYN

44. Mixture blend of 2 or more substances, each of which retains its own identity and properties physical combination compositions can vary

45. Homogeneous Mixture uniform in composition (same proportion of components throughout) also called solutions

46. Heterogeneous Mixture NOT uniform in composition (different proportion of components throughout)

47. Pure Substance fixed composition (only 1 type of particle) every sample has exactly same composition (% of elements)

48. Compound can be broken down into two or more simpler compounds or elements by a chemical change

49. Element simplest form of matter cannot be broken down further by chemical methods