2. What is she doing? What is inside the syringe? What disease does she has? Injection Insulin Diabetes ? ?

3. Regulation of blood glucose level More insulin is secreted (1)more glucose is converted to glycogen in liver (2)more glucose is oxidized in body cells Less insulin is secreted (1)more glycogen in liver is converted to glucose (2)less glucose is oxidized in body cells Normal blood glucose level High blood glucose level Low blood glucose level Blood glucose level falls Blood glucose level rises Extension

4. chemicals secreted by ductless endocrine glands transported in bloodchemicals secreted by ductless endocrine glands transported in bloodendocrine glands endocrine glands Insulin is a kind of hormone. Extension What is Insulin? What are hormones? serve as chemical messengers which act on target organs and regulate body processesserve as chemical messengers which act on target organs and regulate body processes e.g. Pancreas is the endocrine gland producing insulin. e.g. Liver is the target organ that insulin exerts its effect.

5. Transport of hormones: 1 1secreting cells in endocrine gland secrete hormones 2 2hormones diffuse into blood 3 3hormones are transported to all parts of the body 4 4cells in specific target organs receive hormones and changes occur Extension

6. Brief Revision 1 Hormones are secreted by ________________. They act on specific ______________ and regulate body processes. endocrine glands 2 The blood glucose level is regulated by two hormones: _______ and _________. They control the interconversion of _________ and _________. insulin glucagon target organs glucose glycogen

7. 16.9What are the similarities and differences between hormonal and nervous coordination? Hormonal coordination Nervous coordination Components Types of message Transmission route Extension Endocrine glands & blood Neurones, brain & spinal cord Nerve impulses Hormones Blood streamNerve fibres

8. Extension Hormonal coordination Nervous coordination Response occurs Speed of transmission Duration of response Body processes involved In more widespread area SlowerRapid Usually long lastingShort term Reflex actions and voluntary actions Reproduction, growth, etc. always involuntary Only in places with nerve supply 16.9What are the similarities and differences between hormonal and nervous coordination?

9. Pancreas produce insulin ( 胰島素 ) and glucagon ( 高血糖素 ) they work together to regulate the blood glucose level glucos e insulin glucagon glycogen Extension Examples of endocrine glands

10. Ovaries and testes produce sex hormones ( 性激素 ) which 1 stimulate ovaries to release eggs ( 卵子 ) and testes to make sperm ( 精子 ) 2 responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics ( 第二性徵 ) Extension

11. 16.8How does hormonal control work? detector normal level of factors higher level of factors than normal lower level of factors than normal Extension  by a negative feedback mechanism ( 負反饋機制 ) negative feedback balancing action to decrease the level balancing action to increase the level