1. Organic Chemistry อ. สรชัย แซ่ลิ่ม ( อ. อ๊อด ) อ. สุภาวดี ศรีทาหาญ ( อ. หนึ่ง ) อ. สาโรจน์ บุญเส็ง ( อ. ป๊อบ )

2. What is organic chemistry? Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of carbon. proteins enzymes C, H, O, N, S

3. History In 1828, Friedrich W ö hler Discovered:

4. THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY The atoms can form a fixed number of bonds (valence)

5. THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY A carbon atom can use one or more of its valence to form bonds to other atoms:

6. Three dimensional structure HYBRIDZATION Theory sp 3 HYBRIDZATION

9. sp 2 HYBRIDZATION

10. sp HYBRIDZATION

11. Hybrid atomic orbitals: sp 3 orbitals ⇒ tetrahedral sp 2 orbitals ⇒ trigonal planar sp orbitals ⇒ linear

12. REPRESENTATION OF STRUCTURAL FORMULAS

14. Exercise 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

15. Three-Dimensional Formulas

16. ระบุ Hybridization ของ Carbon Nitrogen และ Oxygen ที่ตำแหน่งต่างๆ

17. Polar Covalent bonds

19. Physical Properties ION-ION FORCES The strong electrostatic lattice forces in ionic compounds give them high melting points.

20. Physical Properties DIPOLE-DIPOLE attractions between the molecules of a polar compound HYDROGEN BONDS H-bond is weaker than an ordinary covalent bond; much stronger than the dipole-dipole interactions Z is a strongly electronegative element, usually oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. London forces The attractive intermolecular forces between the molecules are responsible for the formation of a liquid and a solid of a nonionic, nonpolar substance

21. AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC REACTIONS: ACIDS AND BASES Substitution Reactions: Addition Reactions: Elimination Reactions: Rearrangement Reactions:

22. ACID-BASE REACTIONS OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACT

23. Bon-dissociation Heterolytic bond dissociation (heterolysis): electronically unsymmetrical bond Homolytic bond dissociation (homolysis): electronically symmetrical bond breaking ⇒ produces radicals. Heterolysis requires the bond to be polarized. Heterolysis requires separation of oppositely charged ions. Heterolysis is assisted by a molecule with an unshared pair:

24. HETEROLYSIS OF BONDS TO CARBON: CARBOCATIONS AND CARBANIONS CARBOCATIONS AND CARBANIONS Electrophile

25. Nucleophile

26. THE USE OF CURVED ARROWS IN ILLUSTRATING REACTIONS

28. General order of acidity and basicity THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND ACIDITY

29. THE EFFECT OF HYBRIDIZATION Relative Acidity of the Hydrocarbon: Relative Basicity of the Carbanions:

30. INDUCTIVE EFFECTS

31. RESONANCE EFFECTS

32. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AS BASES