1. Elements: A Closer Look
Chapter 12
Elements: A Closer Look

2. Properties of Metals Worksheet  Metals ¾ of all known elements
Solid at room temp (NOT Mercury)
Low IE = give up electrons
Metallic bonds
Delocalization
Malleable, ductile

3. Alkali Metals Alkali Metals Video
React with not only water, but many other substances
Do not find in elemental state
Sodium and potassium
Relatively abundant
nerve impulses
Your body would not function correctly w/out these
Ion imbalance effects

4. Alkaline earth metals Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals Video
Denser, harder, higher melting & boiling
Less reactive
Still not found in elemental form
Magnesium and calcium most abundant
Magnesium is the most important
Alloys
Calcium most commonly CaCO3
Seashells, limestone
Hard Water

5. Aluminum
Earth’s crust
Commercial production
Aluminum Video

6. Transition Elements Reactivity In nature
Hardness & melting/boiling points
Color
Magnetism
LAB: Colorful Transition Metals

7. Uses of Transition Metals
Copper
Coins – nickel and penny
*Electrical conductor
Water transport
Silver
Photographic film
Alloys
Different properties (chemical and physical) than individual metals
Increased strength, hardness
Lower electrical and thermal conductivity
Lower melting point

8. Properties of Alloys (Cont)
Lower electrical conductivities result because impurities block the path of e- in the electron sea
Impurities (in this case, C) occupy the spaces between atoms
This makes the alloy stronger because atoms cannot slide past each other Fe C
Lower melting points result due to imperfect crystalline structure

9. Metalloids Properties of both metals and nonmetals Silicon
Nonmetallic structure and chemical behavior
Luster
Conduct electricity
Not as well as metals = semiconductors
Silicon
Metallic luster, but diamond structure
Most common metalloid
Quartz

10. Metalloids as Semiconductors
Remember: Silicon is poor conductor
Certain impurities increase conductivity
As small as 1 : 1,000,000!!
Called doped crystals
Impurities affect silicon in two ways
N-type
P-type
Junctions: n-type next to p-type

11. Nonmetals - Carbon
Distribution
Allotropes

12. Nonmetals – Nitrogen Family
Natural occurrence
Reactivity
Nitrogen cycle
2 NO3− + 10 e− + 12 H+ → N2 + 6 H2O
N2 + 8H+ + 8e- + 16 ATP  2NH3 + H2 + 16ADP + 16 Pi

13. Nitrogen Family (cont)
Phosphorus
White phosphorus
Reactivity
Physical properties
toxicity
Red phosphorus

14. Nonmetals – Oxygen Family
Abundance
Reactivity
Cellular respiration
O3 allotrope
Sulfur
Industrial

15. Nonmetals – Halogens and Noble Gases
Diatomic
Reactivity
Halogens Video

16. Nonmetals - Noble Gases
Helium
Neon
Argon
Krypton
Xenon
Radon