1. THE IMPACT OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY ON SPEECH SOUND PRODUCTION

2. I. INTRODUCTION** Demographics: persons from multicultural backgrounds are increasing greatly in the U.S.

3. Recent Statistics--% of U.S. population:** 197020002050 White83.77050 Black10.61213 Hispanic4.51324 Asian1.049 Native Am..4.91

5. II. LANGUAGE VARIETIES** Dialects—mutually intelligible forms of a language associated with a particular region, ethnicity, or social class. In U.S., business dialect is General American English (also called Mainstream American English and Standard American English)

7. You will have a good L2 accent if:

8. Children all over the globe exhibit phonological processes:

9. III. NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGES** Test: only what is in lecture NA languages spoken mainly by elders, not children Many NA langs have glottal stops

10. IV. SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN A. Background

11. B. Phonological Characteristics (test p. 231 chart esp.)

13. C. Assessment and Treatment

14. V. AFRICAN AMERICAN ENGLISH A. History of AAE

15. B. 5 Factors Influencing Use of AAE** – 1. Age (younger ch use it more) – 2. Socioeconomic status (low-SES families use it more than middle- and upper-SES) – 3. Geographic location (more in the south) – 4. Education (less in highly educated families) – 5. Gender (more boys than girls)

16. C. Phonological Characteristics of AAE **Note: for exam, main focus is on chart on p. 216

17. D. Assessment and Treatment

18. In the public schools…

19. In private practices and universities….

20. VI. ASIAN, PACIFIC ISLANDER, AND ARABIC LANGUAGES A. Introduction

21. B. Languages of Asian Countries (from bottom of p. 239 to middle of p. 246—lecture notes only are on exam—not the reading) 1. Arabic: Middle East and North Africa.

22. 2. Japanese

23. 3. Tagalog

24. 4. Khmer (k ə ma ɪ )

25. 5. Hmong

26. 6. Vietnamese

27. 7. Chinese

28. Youtube video The four tones of Mandarin (we’ll watch the 1 st 2.5 minutes)