1. Railroads Lead the Way Sec. 19-1 Pgs 556-559 Define: consolidation – railroad baron – gauge – rebate – pool Identify: Cornelius Vanderbilt – James Hill – Collis Huntington – Leland Stanford – George Westinghouse - Gustavus Swift – George Pullman

2. Railroad Expansion Expansion of railroad system was accompanied by consolidation – practice of combining separate companies – buying out smaller companies or driving them out of business. Railroad barons – few powerful men controlling the nation’s rail traffic Cornelius Vanderbilt – RR line from New York to Great Lakes James Hill – Great Northern RR – Minnesota to Washington State Collis Huntington and Leland Stanford – Central Pacific RR – California to Utah Few laws regulated the railroad business

3. SUMMARIZE Define: Consolidation Railroad barons Who were several of the famous railroad barons of the late 1800s?

4. Railroads Stimulate Economy Carried raw materials (iron ore, coal, timber) to factories Carried finished manufactured goods from factories to markets – farms – cities Steel tracks replaced iron – lumber used for ties – coal for fuel Different RR lines used different gauges (width) Consolidation allowed companies to adopt a standard gauge – would allow faster shipment of goods at reduced cost – no longer unloading from train to train.

5. RR Technology George Westinghouse – air brakes for stopping trains Eli Janney – train couplers to connect/link cars Gustavus Swift – refrigerated cars to ship meat/perishables long distances George Pullman – sleeping car – beds for overnight travel – dining cars

6. Summarize What vocab term meant width of the tracks? How did growth of railroads help to stimulate the nation’s economy? What did Gustavus Swift invent ? What was George Pullman known for?

7. Competition for customers Rebates – secret discounts to biggest customers – raised freight rates for farmers – small businesses Pools – divided railroad business among companies – set rates for region – with no other competition, higher rates earned RR barons more profits. Transported many settlers- industries to Great Plains-Midwest in late 1800s. National system of time with 4 time zones – eastern – central – mountain – pacific

8. SUMMARIZE Define: Rebate Pool

9. Ticket out the door REFLECT ON LESSON - GROWTH OF RAILROADS WRITE DOWN : A. LIST (3) FACTS/STATEMENTS OR B. DEFINE (2) VOCAB TERMS OR C. IDENTIFY (2) PEOPLE AND ACCOMPLISHMENT