1. Mindset #45  What is the difference between an invention and a discovery?  Define the following vocabulary in your notebook (NOT in your mindset): Industrialism National market Merger Union Strike Injunction

2. America Post Civil War Segregation Industrialization Big business

3. Segregation  Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court ruled in favor of separate but equal  Jim Crow Laws – laws that discriminated against African Americans  Lynching – an execution by a mob

6. Industrialization  Inventions! Steam elevator Typewriter Refrigerator car Telephone Light bulb Pullman sleeping car Razor Camera Many more!!  All inventions can be placed into one of three categories: Manufacturing In the home Agriculture

7. Industrialization  After the Civil War, the U.S. focused on manufacturing goods  Branching out into heavy industry Railroad tracks Steam engines Farm tractors STEEL and COAL Production

8. Consumerism  Creation of the national marketplace changed how people spent their money  Development of department stores  Introduction of charge accounts  Cater to consumers  Advertising costs: 1870 = $50 million 1900 = $542 million

9. Big Business  Steel  Coal  Oil  Railroads  Monopolies

10. Social Darwinism SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST FOR BUSINESS

11. Labor Unions  Unions for skilled workers  Main objective Shorter workday Better pay Knights of Labor First national labor union to remain active for more than a few of years

12. Labor Unions - Problems  By 1900 only 1 in every 33 American workers belonged to a union  Unions excluded women, minority groups, and unskilled workers  Less than 100,000 of the 5.3 million working women belonged to unions  In the South, African American workers could only join segregated local unions  Hostility toward immigrant labor Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

13. Closure  Explain the plight of African Americans after the Civil War and Reconstruction.  What invention stood out to you and why?  What is consumerism?  What were the main industries that were developing?  What is Social Darwinism?  What were the problems with the labor unions?