2. Topics Review: Theories explaining origins of Native Americans Columbus & the Rise of the Atlantic World True or false The Spanish were the first to practice agriculture in the Los Angeles area. Columbus was the first European to reach the western hemisphere. The main purpose of Columbus 1492 voyage was to prove that the world was round.

3. Cultural Diversity, 2500 B.C.E.-C.E.1500 The Eastern Woodlands – 1200 B.C.E. Poverty Point emerges on the Mississippi River, LA (population of 5,000). Mississippians – Mississippians become first agriculturalists by 700 C.E. Incorporates ideas from Mesoamerica Center Cahokia 13th century food shortage leads to decline.

4. Cultural Diversity, 2500 B.C.E.-C.E.1500 Nonfarming Societies – From Alaska to northern California, Native Americans fish for salmon, dry, and store catch year-round; established permanent villages. – California Native Americans reside in permanent villages sustain themselves by collecting and grinding acorns. – Only the Mohave and Yuma Indians practiced agriculture in California

5. 1492 population of Western Hemisphere 75 million North America 7 to 10 million Hundreds of tribes and languages, CA the most diverse

6. Native American Peoples Kinship and Gender Extended family far more important than nuclear family Women farm (except in Southwest) Spiritual and Social Values All nature, including humanity, is interrelated suffused with spiritual powers. Native Americans rely on reciprocity: giving gifts, trading goods in exchange for prestige, deference, authority

7. First contact between Europe and America 980s Norse colonized Greenland: trade for furs and walrus ivory. 1001 Leif Ericson establishes Vinland (Newfoundland). Hostile relations with natives forced the Scandinavians to abandon in 1015. Evidence ruins dating back to 1000’s in Newfoundland, Canada

8. The Rise of the Atlantic World 1400-1625 The "New Slavery" and Racism The Portuguese entered the slave trade in the mid-15 th century Strong connection between the growth of sugar industry and the rise of this new slavery. Slavery exists in West Africa before Europeans arrive; not based on racial difference

9. The Columbian Exchange "Columbian exchange" movement of plants, food, crops, diseases and people From Old World to New World Chicken cow dog goat goose horse rabbit (domestic) pig sheep Apple banana coffee Bubonic plague influenza measles smallpox typhoid yellow fever From New World to Old World Llama turkey Avocado cocoa maize (corn) peanut potato tobacco tomato vanilla Syphilis?