1. Chapter 2 Nerve Cells and Behavior & Chapter 4 The Cytology of Neurons

4. 25 nm 7 nm 25 nm Neuronal cytoskeleton

5. 4. Transmit information to target cell (neuron, muscle, gland) Four functions of neurons 1. Receive and integrate inputs 2. Generate a nerve impulse (action potential) 3. Conduct the action potential dendrites, soma axon hillock axon nerve terminals

6. Dendrites and cell body Receive and integrate inputs Axon hillock and initial segment Generate action potentials Axon Conducts action potential Terminals Synaptic transmission

8. Eccles, J.C. (1964) The Physiology of Synapses. N.Y.: Springer

9. Classifications of Neurons 1. Function a. sensory neurons b. motoneurons c. interneurons

14. Classifications of Neurons 1. Function 2. Structure a. unipolar b. bipolar c. multipolar

17. Classifications of Neurons 1. Function 2. Structure 3. Shape e.g., pyramidal, stellate, basket, granule, etc.

19. 100μm B A

20. Classifications of Neurons 1. Function 2. Structure 3. Shape 4. Effect a. excitatory neurons b. inhibitory neurons

24. Classifications of Neurons 1. Function 2. Structure 3. Shape 4. Effect 5. Axon length a. projection neurons (Golgi Type I) b. local neurons (Golgi Type II)

25. Classifications of Neurons 1. Function 2. Structure 3. Shape 4. Effect 5. Axon length 6. Neurochemical identity e.g., cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, etc.

26. Classifications of Neurons 1. Function 2. Structure 3. Shape 4. Effect 5. Axon length 6. Neurochemical identity

35. Types of glial cells 1.Astrocytes 2.Microglia 3.Oligodendroglia 4. Schwann cells

36. Types of glial cells 1.Astrocytes a. mechanical support b. metabolic support transport nutrients and wastes c. encapsulate synapses d. regulate chemical and ionic environment e. form scar tissue f. act as phagocytes

38. Types of glial cells 1.Astrocytes 2.Microglia a. act as phagocytes b. part of brain’s immune system

40. Types of glial cells 1.Astrocytes 2.Microglia 3.Oligodendroglia myelinate axons of central nervous system

42. Types of glial cells 1.Astrocytes 2.Microglia 3.Oligodendroglia 4. Schwann cells myelinate axons of peripheral nervous system