1. Early Greek Civilization Chapter 5 Sections 1 & 2

2. Minoan Civilization  (2000 BC – 1400 BC)  Centered on the Isle of Crete  Great trading power  Eventually grew weak and were invaded by people from the Greek Mainland

3. Mycenaean Civilization  Indo-Europeans invaded Greek Peninsula from the north –By 1400 BC had taken over Minoan Civ. –Great sea traders –Learned writing & other skills from the Minoans and other groups that they traded with –They passed on these influences to later Greeks

4. Trojan War  In 1250 BC Mycenaeans attacked Troy  10 yrs- Mycenaeans won & burned City of Troy to the ground  The Illiad & The Odyssey- epic poems by Homer –tell the story of the Trojan War

5. The Dark Age (1100 BC – 800 BC)  After the fall of Troy, Dorian invaders swarm into Greece –They had the advantage of iron weapons –Trade declines –People leave cities –Most artistic skills and writing were mostly forgotten  No written records exist for 1150bc to 750bc from this area

6. Growth of City-States  Physical barriers- Mountains and Water –Cities were independent from each other- no empire –Rivalry developed- led to many wars  Seas were vital link to the outside world –Great traders and sailors –Exchange of goods and ideas (Alphabet)  Governing City-States (chart pg 128) –Monarchy- King –Aristocracy- power shifting to landowners –Oligarchy- power shifting to a business class

7. Powerful City-States  Two most powerful were Athens and Sparta  Athens: –Developed a Direct Democracy –Valued arts, literature, intellectual pursuits –Believed in training and developing the body –Women- few rights  Sparta: –Developed a military state –Valued duty, strength, and discipline –Taught youth to put service to Sparta above all else –Women- had considerable freedom

8.  Ionian Greeks rebelled against Persians (Darius I) –Battle of Marathon 490bc  Athenians win (Themistocles- leader) –Renewed Attacks- 480bc- by Xerxes (Darius son)  Athens and Sparta were defeated by the Persians –Persians burn Athens –Athenians now destroy the Persian navy- then defeat Persians on land in Asia Minor- end of Persian invasions  Results –Increased Greek sense of uniqueness –Athens emerges as most powerful city-state in Greece –Delian League formed Persian Wars