3. ILMC ILMC International Lead Management Center Inc.

4. ILMC UNCTAD Control Strategies and Policies for the Recycling of Used Lead Acid Batteries in the Informal Sector “ The Philippine Experience” Brian Wilson

5. ILMC UNCTAD Why is Recycling Important? 1. Large battery manufacturing sector 2. No indigenous lead deposits 3. Lead has to be imported and/or recycled to meet demand 4. Reduces Risks of Environmental and Population Lead Exposure

6. ILMC UNCTAD Lead Supply 1. Domestic Formal, licensed sectorFormal, licensed sector Informal, unregulated sectorInformal, unregulated sector 2. Imports Primary leadPrimary lead Scrap lead - used batteriesScrap lead - used batteries

7. ILMC UNCTAD Philippine Pb Consumption 0 20,000 10,000 Lead MT 40,000 30,000 1999 Domestically sourced ULAB and recycled - 23,000 MT Recycled Imported ULAB – 12,000 MT Imported Pb – 5,000 MT

8. ILMC UNCTAD Social Impacts Formal Sector Licensed Recyclers Battery Retailers Corporations 400 employees Exports~US$ 12M Informal Sector Informal Sector - Backyard Smelters - Reconditioners - Families - 20,000+ workers - Income~US$ 5M

9. ILMC UNCTAD Environmental Impacts Electrolyte disposal Electrolyte disposal Occupational hygiene Occupational hygiene Atmospheric pollution Atmospheric pollution Furnace residues Furnace residues Population Exposure Population Exposure

10. Inter-Relationships BatteryReconditioner Scrap Battery Collection Battery Retailer Licensed Recycler Battery Manufacturer UnregulatedRecycler DUMP ILMC

11. Inter-Relationships BatteryReconditioner Scrap Battery Collection Battery Retailer Licensed Recycler Battery Manufacturer UnregulatedRecycler DUMP ILMC

12. UNCTAD Informal Characterization ILMC  Battery Reconditioners Charges flat batteriesCharges flat batteries Rebuilds batteriesRebuilds batteries  Small Recyclers Collects batteriesCollects batteries Smelts leaded materialsSmelts leaded materials

13. ILMC UNCTAD Short Term Improvements  Environmental  Environmental Controls EmissionsEmissions EffluentEffluent ResiduesResidues  Occupational  Occupational Education InIn the Workplace the Home ILMC

14. Ten Golden Rules Change work-wear Wear respirators Segregate work areas Wear works clothing Keep homes clean Shower daily at work Wash hands & eat Keep canteen clean Do not smoke Avoid high exposure

15. ILMC UNCTAD Long-term Options  Reduce informal Lead Recovery  Raise domestic collection rates  Define a role for the small recycle  Integrate the Informal sector into the Formal sector

16. ILMC UNCTAD National Strategy & Policy  Improve domestic collection rates  R & D to extend battery life  License all reconditioners/smelters  Monitor all lead industries  Eliminate all unsound activities

17. ILMC UNCTAD Benefits  Environment is better protected  Lead exposure is reduced  Reduces reliance on imports  Avoids severe social hardship

18. ILMC ILMC International Lead Management Center Inc. www.ILMC.org