1. History of Cartography I
Europe and the Middle East

2. Bull at Lascaux, France

4. Wall Painting from Çatal Hüyük, Turkey (ca 6200 BCE)

5. Plan of Çatal Hüyük, Turkey (ca 6200 BCE)
Yes, there is a resemblance, AS LONG AS ONE IS LOOKING FROM THE SKY!!!! Archaeologists draw plans like this, how likely is it that neolithic people did as well? Not very.

6. Map or Pattern?

7. Tepe Gawra Landscape Jar (ca 6000 BCE Iraq)
Dates from 6000 BCE in Iraq, pot with 12 sections of decorated panels, one of which is this (this is by far the most complex looking)– debated whether this represents mountains and a river valley, complete with tributaries and animals… A.J. Tobler, not just a landscape painting but possibly the oldest map ever discovered”– argues that the artist had a particular landscape in mind, (not all agree, saying this pattern is not so far from the norm of the time which was a highly regularlized form of decoration
Problem with both of these examples is that there are not enough signs that are obviously cartographic…

8. Petroglyph Map from Bendolina, Italy

9. Bedolina Map with Tracing

10. Labels by Craig Alexander, 2007.

11. Babylonian Town Maps

12. Babylonian World Map?

13. Mapmaking in the Age of Archaic Greece
Anaximander (c BCE)
Corrected by Hecataeus (c BCE)
Pythagorus (c. 550 – 475 BCE)
Earth as a sphere (c BCE)
Herodotus (c BCE)
Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE)

14. Possible Rendering of Anaximander’s World Map

15. Reconstruction of Hecataeus’ World Map

16. Climate Zones

17. Eratosthenes: The Father of Modern Cartography?
Eratosthenes (ca BCE)
On the Measurement of the Earth
Geographica
Calculated the circumference of the earth (within 1/2 % accuracy)
Introduced the idea of meridians and parallels

19. Thule, thought inaccurate, 6 days sail North from Britain, but could be Iceland
Taprobane: possiblly Sri Lanka… we know they were trading that far afield then
19th c reproduction
Combined mathematical knowledge with what explorers and traders were telling him

20. Roman Cartography

21. Agrippa’s World Map (Reconstruction)

22. Claudius Ptolemy (ca. 83- 168 CE)
Benefited from Greek theoretical knowledge and Roman knowledge of the world
Geographica
Coordinates based on latitude and longitude
index

24. Themes Different reasons for the creation of maps
Understand one’s place in the world
Religious meaning
Practical necessity
propaganda

25. The Semiotics of Maps Link of complex cartography and literacy?
Bird’s eye view
Representation of abstractions in oral cultures