1. Pre-Civil War By Snow Zhu #34 and Christine Li #18 Directions: Identify the correct sentence pattern!

2. Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 also introduced popular sovereignty for slavery in the Mexican Cession as well as the Fugitive Slate Act of 1850, a proposal in which government officials could arrest anyone accused of being a runaway slave. In September of 1850, Congress passed five bills based on the proposals of Henry Clay. California was admitted to the Union as a free state, and slave trade was banned in Washington D.C. in order to please the North. Even though both the North and the South were mostly pleased, the Fugitive Slave Act angered the North and enlarged the gap between the North and the South. PP, IC IC, conj., IC DC, IC IC, Appositive

3. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) Northerners were astonished by the cruelty of slavery; however, the South accused it of being propaganda and claimed that it was false, misleading information. In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, daughter of an escaped abolitionist, published Uncle Tom’s Cabin. This novel showed the horrors of slavery in the South. PP, IC (Appositive) IC PP Semicolon

4. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Hoping to hold the majority, both proslavery and antislavery settlers started flooding in. In 1854, Stephan Douglas wanted to develop the western lands and build a railroad, so he suggested forming two new territories called Kansas and Nebraska. Even though the Missouri Compromise said that they would enter as free states, he proposed that slavery would be determined by popular sovereignty instead. As violence developed, people came in illegally to vote, and the North thought that Douglas had betrayed them. IC, conj. IC DC, IC DC, IC, conj. IC Present participial phrase

5. Dred Scott Decision (1857) He stated that blacks were not citizens, and slaves were property; additionally, Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery, so the Missouri Compromise was not constitutional. Dred Scott, an enslaved African American, sued for his freedom because he lived in a free state. As the case reached the Supreme Court, Chef Justice Roger B. Taney argued that Scott wasn’t free and thus could not sue. Even though the South rejoiced, the North was stunned, and Abraham Lincoln spoke out against the decision. Appositive DC, IC DC, IC, conj. IC Semicolon

6. Lincoln – Douglas Debates (1858) While Douglas defended popular sovereignty, Lincoln took a stand against the spread of slavery. In 1858, the Republicans chose Lincoln, a lawyer from Illinois, to run for Senate against Douglas. Before the election began, Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of public debates on the issue of slavery. Lincoln and Douglas would be rivals again for the presidency two years later even though Douglas won the Senate election. Appositive PP, IC IC DC DC, IC

7. Harper’s Ferry (1859) Mourning Brown’s death, the North shocked the South because they were praising someone who tried to lead a slave revolt. Determined and rebellious, John Brown led an army to attack the town of Harper’s Ferry in Virginia to seize ammunition. However, Robert E. Lee’s troops surrounded them, and Brown was captured and sentenced to death. adj. conj. adj., IC IC, conj. IC Present participial phrase

8. The North and South While the South was dominated by agriculture, the North relied on commerce and industry to bring in a wholesome income. Needed in the South, slaves were owned by 25% of southerners in 1860. Contrary to the South, the North favored free labor, national sovereignty, and high tariffs. Plentiful but conflicting, the differences between the North and South escalated into the War Between the States. Past participial phrase Parallel structure adj. conj. adj., IC DC, IC

9. Life for Blacks Many slaves tried to rebel and escaped to freedom, but they would not officially free until the Civil War. Before the Civil War, life for slaves was truly a hardship. Slaves owned few possessions and had little control over their lives; every day they worked on plantations planting, harvesting, and removing weeds. PP, IC Semicolon IC, conj. IC

10. Lincoln Elected President (1860) As Lincoln became president of an uncertain nation in 1861, his offers of peace and friendship were turned down by the South. Abraham Lincoln, an abolitionist, was chosen by the Republicans to be a candidate for the election of 1860. Running against Douglas, Bell, and Breckinridge. Lincoln won only 40% of the popular votes but received enough electoral votes to win the election. Appositive Present participial phrase DC, IC

11. Confederacy Forms and Civil War Starts With Senator Jefferson Davis as their leader, these seven states formed the Confederate States of America. Lincoln’s election angered the South to believe that they no longer carried a voice in their government. South Carolina, the first state to secede, started a domino effect of seceding states. IC PP Appositive PP, IC