1. Early Emancipation in the North

2. Unit 5: The Civil War Through Reconstruction Chapter 13: Sectional Conflict & Shattered Union, 1848-1860

3. Election of 1848

4. The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay attempted to compromise matters between the north & south Congress defeated the bill Senator Stephen Douglas (IL) divided the compromise into separate bills; they passed

5. The Compromise of 1850 CA admitted as a free state Abolition of the slave trade in D.C.; but continued protection of slavery remained Popular sovereignty would determine slavery in other territories acquired through the Mexican Cession Land in dispute btwn. TX & NM would go to NM in exchange for federal assumption of TX debt Tougher Fugitive Slave Law

6. The Compromise of 1850

7. Fugitive Slave Act 1850 Northern states were to return fugitives to the South Fleeing slaves were denied a jury trial & other protections of due process Northerners who aided the slaves received heavy fines & jail sentences

8. Underground Railroad Designed to provide hiding places & aid to runaway slaves along routes leading to Canada Harriet Tubman http://freedomcenter.org/underground-railroad-0

9. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Written by northerner Harriet Beecher Stowe in response to her outrage over the Fugitive Slave Act Fictional book depicting what she perceived as the evils of slavery Impacted people around the world “So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war.” – Abraham Lincoln

10. Election of 1852 Winfield Scott Franklin Pierce

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) 1854 Douglas introduced a bill in Congress to organize the territories of Kansas & Nebraska Proposed that their status regarding slavery would be determined through popular sovereignty Conflicts with the Missouri Compromise After heated debate, it passed

12. The Republican Party Opponents formed a new political party New party consisted of Northern Democrats, Whigs, & Know-Nothings Sole unifying purpose was the belief that slavery should be banned from all territories & only confined to where it already existed

13. Bleeding Kansas North & South were competing to see who could send the greatest numbers of settlers to Kansas When the vote came in March 1855, heavily armed “border ruffians” from Missouri crossed into Kansas to cast ballots for pro-slavery candidates With a pro-slavery govt, the free-soilers created their own separate govt.

14. Bleeding Kansas Soon after, full scale guerilla warfare erupted In response to the murders of anti-slavery supporters, John Brown kidnapped & killed 5 pro- slavery men Over 200 men died in the months of fighting Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

15. Bleeding Kansas Rep. Preston Brooks (SC) beat Senator Charles Sumner (MA) with a cane on the floor of the Senate (1856) Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Rep. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

16. 1856 Election James Buchanan John C. Fremont Millard Fillmore

17. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Dred Scott, a Missouri slave, sued for freedom on the basis that his owner took him to live in the North Court ruling Scott was a slave, not a citizen, & therefore couldn’t sue in federal court As a slave, he was private property, so he could be taken anywhere & legally be held in slavery Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional b/c Congress didn’t have the authority to ban slavery

18. John Brown’s Raid Oct 1859 Brown seized the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA Hoped to incite a slave rebellion Captured and charged with treason Sentenced to death Southerners feared for their safety

19. Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

20. Republican Party Platform -Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers]. -Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. -No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. -Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. -Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. -Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

21. Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

22. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

23. Secession

24. Crittenden’s Proposal Constitutional amendment prohibiting federal meddling with slavery where it existed and an extension of the Missouri Compromise to the Pacific

25. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861