1. Primary sources- –Voltaire -Page 149 –Declaration of Rights of Man- Page 157 –Decree for Proclaiming… Page 161 –Paine, Common Sense- Page 163

2. A+ 24-25 A- 23 B 20-22 C 18-19 D 15-17 F 0-14

3. Week Twenty-Two (February 7-8) –Day 1 French revolution and Frontload 22 –Day 2 Chapter 22 Quiz and Discussion question Week Twenty-Three (February 14-18) –Day 1 Adam Smith/ 151-155 Testimony/ 240-246 Karl Marx/ 249-253 –Question to consider. What caused the changing view of the nature of how much governmental influence should occur in the economy of a country? –Day 2 Chapter 23 Quiz

4. Independence of the Americas What does it mean to be American –Problems in creating governments –Social issues Slavery, Immigration, Citizenship Industrial Revolution –Pros vs Cons New modes of production, transportation Imperialism –Why now? –Why not Japan?

5. Chapter 21

6. Before the Revolutions Wars between Europeans –High Taxation necessary The Enlightenment –Sometimes supported by Kings –Monarchs still feared change –Salons –Middle class- Elites –Ben Franklin Commoners feared change and atheism Revolutions only had potential when commoners and elite worked together

7. The American Revolution, 1775– 1800 Causes –Wars with Natives and administration costs were expensive –Tried to raise taxes –Boston Massacre and Tea Party Continental Congress Common Sense Declaration of Independence British won most battles but lost war French helped The Articles of Confederation 1787-Constitutional Convention

8. The French Revolution, 1789–1815 Causes –3 Estates –80% Poor peasants –Poor Harvests –King enacted new taxes First stage –National Assembly created –Peasants and Parisians violently revolted –Declaration of the Rights of Man –Marched on Versailles –Declared War on Austria and Prussia

9. 2 nd Stage- Reign of Terror 1793– 1794 –King tried to run –Robespierre takes over –Mob rule –Guillotine

10. 3 Rd Stage -Napoleon Accomplishments –Greater internal stability –Stopped fear of foreigners –Napoleon law code –Brought peace with church –Declared self emperor –Limited some personal freedoms Problems –Could not stop Britain –Iberian problem –Russia –Waterloo

11. The Haitian Revolution, 1789–1804 Saint Domingue-Wealthy but brutal Slave vs gens de couleur vs wealthy whites François Dominique Toussaint L’Ouverture –Captured, tortured, and killed Effects –Thousands killed –Economy ruined –Decades of unrest, violence, and corruption

12. Major Changes The Congress of Vienna –Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria –Restore French Monarchy –Fight liberal movements across Europe –Created a “Balance of Power” of “super powers” Independence of Latin America Rise of Nationalism –National self-determination –Greece –Democratic reform throughout US and Europe

13. The armed forces of the American colonists were small, poorly equipped, and often poorly led. How were those colonists able to defeat Great Britain, which ranked as one of the foremost military powers in the world at that time?. Discussion Question What were some of the reasons for the failure of the French Revolution to initiate lasting representative government and for the rise of the new dictatorship? Discussion Question The Enlightenment as a social and intellectual movement impacted many segments of society. How did this movement affect women in the elite classes and the common women during the revolutions? Discussion Question

14. Compare the revolutions of the eighteenth century inspired by a body of new ideas? Discuss Locke and Rousseau in your response. Comparison

16. Chapter 22

17. Causes of the Industrial Revolution Population Growth –Food- more and easier to grow with a financial investment Migration to cities –increasing demand for goods –increase of trade –increase of innovations

18. Britain Economic growth Population growth Ingenuity A lot of Iron and coal Merchant ships Rivers –Transportation –Powering early mills Continental Europe slowed by Napoleonic Wars

19. Technological Revolution Mass Production –Pottery –Specialization Mechanization –Cotton and textiles Iron –coke and puddling –new building techniques interchangeable parts –Firearms and farm equipment –sewing machine industries The Steam Engine –1769 James Watt –New locations for factories –Transportation revolution Railroads Telegraph

20. Effects of Industrialization New Industrial Cities –Socially stratified neighborhoods –Filthy –Unhealthy Working Conditions –Dangerous, low paying, boring –Women’s lives changed –Child Labor Social changes –Social stratification –New Middle class began to emerge

21. New Economic and Political Ideas Laissez Faire capitalism –Adam Smith Positivism Utopian socialists Some early reform laws emerged Communism –Karl Marx

22. The Non-industrial World China –Beat down –Forced to import manufactured and export natural resources Egypt –Muhammad Ali –Tried to industrialize –Beat down –Forced to import manufactured and export natural resources India –Beat down –Forced to import manufactured and export natural resources

23. Capitalism – Economic system based on the use of one’s personal property to gain a profit. Private property is important as well as limited control of markets. Laissez Faire- The idea that government should play no role in regulating markets or the economy Invisible Hand –The belief that markets and social well being will be “cared for” by individual self interest Market – Any place (real or theoretical) were things and bought and sold Capital- the personal property of an individual that can be used to accrue more wealth

24. Supply- the willingness and ability of a person to produce and sell a good Demand – the willingness and ability of a person to purchase a product Equilibrium Price/Quantity – the intersection of supply and demand that markets automatically find based on the invisible hand.

25. Mercantilism – Economic system based on government activity to increase the wealth of a country by decreasing imports, increasing exports, and accruing precious metals Tariff- tax on imported goods to prevent people from buying them. Monopoly-Situation where one company controls too much market power (price and quantity supplied )

26. Socialism- economic theory based on the idea that all resources should be owned by everyone Progressive Income tax- Tax system based on increased rates of taxation based on increased income levels Bourgeoisie –The wealthy property owners Proletariat –Working class Middle class –The in-between class/ generally managed factories