1. A Comparison Study of the Barriers to Engagement with TEL in Teacher Training in the UK and Kuwait Jebar Ahmed and Ahmad Yousef Insert date/name

2. Format of presentation Introduction to the study Challenges in this study Methodology Findings Conclusion

3. Introduction This study mainly explored the.. Attitudes of staff towards TEL Barriers that prevent TEL adoption in both Kuwait and the UK

4. Kuwait Background of Kuwait and its Public and Private institutions... Need a picture.

5. Challenges UK Wide body of research Longitudinal data available (UCISA study) Sound body of research Relative mature use and adoption of TEL Attitudes has been included Kuwait Very little research No long term studies New adoption or in some cases no adoption Attitudes not really included

6. Methodology Primary Data Questionnaires students, Academic staff and Management Interviews Secondary data sources used for the UK as well as primary interviews

7. Findings Kuwait Reasons cited related to strategy, resources, skills, language and support from institution Conflicting views and bureaucratic Contrast between public institutions ‘Cultural Issues’ UK Reasons cited related to time, benefit, skills Most institutions have TEL as Embedded Some differences on TEL investment between Mission Groups

8. Findings Kuwait Approach towards external funding varied between public institutions Lack of technical support and Infrastructure UK Funding from external sources is competitively sought and seen as a ‘blessing’ TEL was strategically supported

9. Conclusion In Kuwait barriers related mainly to strategy, finance and skills whilst in the UK barriers were related to time and pedagogical benefits

10. References Ali G. H. and Magalhaes R. (2008) Barriers to implementing e-learning: a Kuwaiti case study.International Journal of Training and Development 12:1, 36-59 Alsharahan, S. (2012) e-learning strategies in Kuwait. Ministry of Education UCISA (2012) 2012 Survey of Technology Enhanced Learning in UK Higher Education, UCISA, Oxford. URL: [http://www.ucisa.ac.uk/~/media/groups/ssg/surveys/TEL_survey_2012_with%20Apps_fi nal] Accessed 8/03/2013