1. URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Prof. Dr. S. Shabih-ul-Hassan Zaidi
Department of Architecture,
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore

2. Definition of Urban Area
“Any settlement with a population of more than 5,000 persons living close to each other (at a suitably high density) and having an economic base other than agriculture is called as an urban area.” or
“Any settlement governed by a local body such as municipal committee or corporation or cantonment board may be called as an urban area.”
4/23/2017

3. Urban Rural Differences
Population: Any settlement with a population of above persons is urban while those having less than population are rural
Administrative Unit: Any area administered by a local body such as municipal committee or corporation or cantonment board
Density: Urban areas are densely populated while in rural areas the density is low
Economy: The economic base of rural areas is Agriculture while in urban areas the economic base is industry, business and services
Culture: Rural society is more close knit and homogenous society while urban society is more heterogeneous and modern
4/23/2017

4. URBAN SECTORS: HOUSING
HOUSING ISSUES:
Quantitative Issue; i.e. the deficit of housing or housing shortage depicted in the form of street sleeping, tents and temporary structures or doubling up phenomena.
Qualitative Issue; i.e. the bad quality of existing housing stock in the form of slums and squatter settlements (Katchi Abadis).
4/23/2017

5. Transportation TRANSPORTATION ISSUES:
Poor transportation network; i.e. insufficient and bad condition of roads and railways network.
Inadequate or Poor public transport; i.e. insufficient and bad condition of public transport vehicles.
4/23/2017

6. INFRASTRUCTURE Infrastructure Issues:
Non-availability or poor condition of physical infrastructure or utility services such as water supply, sewerage and drainage system, solid waste management, gas, electricity, telephone etc.
Poor condition or Non-availability and/ or inadequate accessibility to social infrastructure such as education, health, shopping, community centers, religious buildings etc.
4/23/2017

7. Commerce and industry Commerce and Industry Issues:
Pollution and congestion in the commercial centers.
Lack of Parking areas or inadequate parking.
Lack of Industry, inadequate access to industrial area and pollution created by obnoxious industry.
Industrial development in residential areas.
4/23/2017

8. Open Spaces and parks Issues of Open spaces and Parks:
Lack of open spaces and parks.
Poor maintenance of parks.
Inadequate parking facilities near parks.
4/23/2017

9. environment Environmental Issues:
High levels of air, noise, water and solid waste pollution.
Poor condition of utility services.
Low percentage of green areas and trees.
Climate change causing floods, earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis, droughts etc.
4/23/2017

10. Socio-economic development
Issues of Socio-economic Development:
Rapid population growth.
Low level of incomes and poverty.
Socio-economic disparities.
General apathy to public issues.
Stagnant economy of the cities.
Lack of neighborliness and social cohesion.
4/23/2017

11. Land use and spatial development
Land Use and Spatial Issues:
Mixed and incompatible land uses.
High density and congestion in residential and commercial areas.
Unauthorized and unplanned development.
Poor accessibility to public facilities.
4/23/2017

12. Town Planning as a tool for Urban Governance
Town Planning works as a tool for effective Urban Governance
Town Planning is a profession of taking informed decisions, thus decisions regarding future development of urban and rural areas are taken on the basis of facts and figures and not on personal whims
Maintenance of law and order is more effective in a planned area
Public facilities and utility services must be provided in a planned manner
Environmental Health, Beauty and Convenience can be achieved through Town Planning
Town Planning saves Time, Space and Money

13. TOWN PLANNING DEFINED
Town Planning can be defined as ‘the art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of buildings and communication routes so as to secure maximum practicable degree of economy, convenience and beauty’ (Keeble, Lewis, 1969)

14. Town Planning Defined
Margrate Roberts (1974) defines planning as ‘an activity of making choices from among various options that lie open for future and securing the implementation of the chosen option’
John Ratcliffe (1978) says that town planning is ‘concerned with providing the right site, at the right time, in the right place, for the right people’

15. URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

16. Urbanization Defined
“Urbanization is defined as a process or phenomenon by which urban fraction of population increases in a region or country.”
Thus urbanization phenomenon is represented by a change in the rural- urban divide of population in an area

17. Urbanization in Pakistan
Year Urban Rural
% %
% %
% %
% %
% %
% %
Future Estimate:
% %

18. Factors contributing towards Urbanization
Natural Increase of Population
Rural-Urban Migration
Reclassification of Rural areas into Urban

19. Problems due to Urbanization
Housing deficit and sub-standard Housing (Slums and Katchi Abadies)
Pressure on Public Facilities such as Schools and Hospitals
Pressure on Utility Services such as Sewerage and Water Supply
Problems of Law and Order
Crime and Juvenile Delinquency
Traffic and Transportation Problems
Encroachments on roads, open spaces and parks
Unemployment in urban areas
Problems of social adjustment in urban areas for rural migrants

20. HOW TO RESOLVE PROBLEMS DUE TO RAPID URBANIZATION
Introduce income generation programs
Plan employment opportunities according to growth of population
Plan reception areas for incoming population
Develop information and resource centers to keep yourself informed
Prepare Master Plans and Local Plans and implement them
Provide good governance

21. 4/23/2017