1. © 2007 First Data Corporation. All Rights Reserved. RFP 101 – Requirements Management Dave Halbig December 6, 2007

2. © FDC 2 RFP 101 – Requirements Management - Agenda ► Why Requirements? ► What’s a Use Case? ► Why Use Cases? ► Use Case Terminology ► Use Case Simple Example ► Use Case Extensions ► Use Case Collections/Linkages ► Use Case Do’s and Don’ts ► Use Cases and RFPs ► Resources ► Q&A

3. © FDC 3 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Why Requirements? ► Settle disconnects on expected behavior ► AVOID SCOPE CREEP ► Define boundaries ► Allow project managers to do estimation and assess risks ► Allow vendors to do estimation & assess risks ► Permit creation of accurate test cases

4. © FDC 4 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – What’s a Use Case? ► A structured way of telling a story of behavior. ► They really ARE requirements (behavior). ► They are not ALL the requirements (missing: external interfaces, data formats, complex formulae, business rules, non-functional requirements). ► And they look like this:

5. © FDC 5 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Sample Use Case Use Case: 1 – Retrieve Document __________________________ CHARACTERISTIC INFORMATION Goal in Context: Obtain a legal copy of an original document Scope: Organization Level: Primary Task Preconditions: (none) Success End Condition: Customer has legal copy; we have copy fee. Failed End Condition: Customer does not have a legal copy; we do not have the copy fee. Primary Actor: Customer/citizen Trigger: Customer requests a document __________________________ MAIN SUCCESS SCENARIO 1. Customer enters search for document. 2. A list of potential documents is returned 3. Customer selects a document 4. Customer pays a fee for the document 5. Customer receives a legal copy of the document 6. Log information about the transaction __________________________ EXTENSIONS 3a. Requested document not found. 3a1. Revise and re-enter search 3a2. Abandon search 4a. Customer does not have sufficient funds. 4a1. Access denied. Session ended. 4a2. Customer is asked for alternate source of funds (credit card, debit card) 5a. Copy process fails. 5a1. Customer is re-directed to a new session 5a2. Document specialist completes the copy operation elsewhere. (use case 1B) SUB-VARIATIONS (none) __________________________ RELATED INFORMATION Priority: top Performance Target: 3 minutes Frequency: 200/day Superordinate Use Case: Manage Documents (Use Case 0) Subordinate Use Cases: Complete copy operation by human intervention (Use Case 1B) Channel to primary actor: may be phone or interactive Secondary Actors: credit card company, bank (debit card) Channels to Secondary Actors: (none) __________________________ OPEN ISSUES What happens if the original document is not readable or is missing? What happens if credit card is stolen? __________________________ SCHEDULE Due Date: release 1.0

6. © FDC 6 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Use Cases and Overall Req’ts Alistair Cockburn, “Writing Effective Use Cases”, p 15

7. © FDC 7 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Why Use Cases? ► Enables collaboration ► Allows for change / Iterative development ► Can be done in parallel

8. © FDC 8 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Managing Scope TopicInOut Retrieve a documentIn Amend a documentIn Create validated backup of document In Change legislation dealing with documents Out Bill for document retrievalIn Table 1: In-Out List

9. © FDC 9 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Another Negotiating Document ActorTask-level GoalPriority/Phase Customer/CitizenRetrieve document1 Document SpecialistAmend document2 Computer OperatorCreate Validated Document Backup 1 Table 2: Actor/Goal List

10. © FDC 10 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Manage Your Energy Work in iterations from less precision to more precision 1. Brainstorm / list all the PRIMARY actors 2. Brainstorm / list all the GOALS 3. Work on the Main Success Scenarios 4. Work on the Failure/Extension Conditions 5. Work on the Recovery Steps 6. Brainstorm / list the data fields * 7. Brainstorm / list the data field details and checks * * outside the Use Cases

11. © FDC 11 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Use Case Simple Example

12. © FDC 12 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Use Case Extensions

13. © FDC 13 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Use Case Collections

14. © FDC 14 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Use Case Do’s and Don’ts

15. © FDC 15 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Use Cases and RFPs

16. © FDC 16 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Resources ► Coburn, Alistair, “Writing Effective Use Cases”, Addison-Wesley, 2001 ► www.alistair.cockburn.us/index.php/Resources_for _writing_use_cases www.alistair.cockburn.us/index.php/Resources_for _writing_use_cases ► Robertson, Suzanne and James, “Mastering the Requirements Process”, Addison-Wesley, 2006 ► www.volere.co.uk www.volere.co.uk

17. © FDC 17 RFP 101 – Requirements Management – Q&A ?