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Lymph… _____ that leaks out of __________ into “interstitial spaces” due to __________ ____________. What is lymph anyway? ____ of fluid returns _______,

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Presentation on theme: "Lymph… _____ that leaks out of __________ into “interstitial spaces” due to __________ ____________. What is lymph anyway? ____ of fluid returns _______,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Lymph… _____ that leaks out of __________ into “interstitial spaces” due to __________ ____________. What is lymph anyway? ____ of fluid returns _______, remaining lymph then gathers in lymph vessels, ___________________________ ____________ _____________ opposes this flow BI OL 2030 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

2 Take 5!!! Edema results from an interruption of the aforementioned processes On the basis of what you know about fluid movement, explain the following: a) edema due to capillary permeability to the point plasma proteins leak out c) edema due to > b.p.

3 3 main functions of Lymphatic System 1) _______________ 30 l leaks out/day… How many liters not reabsorbed back into blood directly? 2) _______________ Part of villi found in intestines 3) _______________ We will focus on this aspect Why do we have a Lymphatic (Immune ) System?

4 1) _____________ _______________ (no basement membrane and only loosely associated epithelia) 2) 3) How does lymph get back into the blood?

5 4) _________ ___________ push lymph towards heart 5) Major lymph vessels segregated into 2 routes, each entering… How does lymph get back into the blood?

6 “MALT” Diffuse L.T. Tonsils Lymph nodes Cellular components (ex. WBCs) What comprises the lymphatic system?

7 ___________________: located below mucosa, around nodules and within nodes and spleen _________________: small clumps of dense lymphatic tissue (many lymphocytes, some macrophages, reticular cells etc.) ♪Born and raised in the Peyer’s patch♫ ? U. Mich. Med. School ______________: collections of lymph nodules associated with the distal small intestine and appendix

8 _________ are patches of dense lymphatic tissue They surround… Can become… Diminish in adults What are tonsils and do we really need them? Tonsilectomy

9 __________ are small structures in-line with lymph vessels They… Superficial clusters in: CA Metastasis!!! What is a lymph node…and do I have any?

10 Lymph nodes What is a lymph node…and do I have any?

11 Size Location Functions: Detects and responds to… Harbors… What’s so special about a spleen?

12 Aids in… What is so fasthinating thymuses? Positive & Negative selection Size Location Functions:

13 Immunity is… 2 Types… 1) _______________ Generic response to “invaders” = = 2) _______________ Specific response to specific “invaders” What does it mean to be “immune”?

14 Four basic aspects of Innate Immunity... 1) 2) 3) 4) Why is innate immunity a general response?

15 Mostly covered with ______ Natural openings Protected via: eyes = ears = nose = throat = others = What are the mechanisms of innate immunity? 1) _____________________ Pathogens need an entrance to the body!

16 Many of the former substances have chemical properties that also inhibit pathogens Examples: Tears and saliva = Others (see table 22.1) 2) ____________________ What are the mechanisms of innate immunity?

17 Leukocytes originate where? Leukocytes reside in various places such as? They are effective where? In order to arrive where they need to… = to move or “arrange” in response to chemical signals Chemical signals include: complement, _____________, kinins, _________ 3) ____________________ What are the mechanisms of innate immunity?

18 Important cellular function is _____________ Which Leukocytes are phagocytic? = small, 1st to arrive, “kamakazies”, release lysosomal enzymes, die easily = big cells w/ many lysosomes, can devour many particles, clean-up (including dead neutrophils) also: secrete chemicals interferon, complement etc. 3) Cellular Components (cont.) What are the mechanisms of innate immunity?

19 Other cell types involved: and = = = (______________) Motile (mast cells non-motile) Activated via innate OR adaptive immunity Release histamine, leukotrienes Motile, release enzymes breaking down basophil/mast cell products Recognize tumor cells, cells with viruses in them…not specific immunity! 3) Cellular Components (cont.) What are the mechanisms of innate immunity?

20 Fig. 22.8 Complex reaction involving previously mentioned ___________________. _________________ red, hot, swollen, pain, loss of function _________________ all of the above PLUS a) b) c) What are the mechanisms of innate immunity? 4) ________________

21 Now what was adaptive immunity again? Adaptive immunity has… ________ and _____________ Divided into 2 approaches for 2 different types of pathogens Extracellular (bacteria etc.) Intracellular (viruses, CA etc.) = =

22 Depends on antigens and their receptors _________ = substance that can cause an immune response (usually foreign can be self) __________ = polypeptide chains that can bind to specific antigenic determinants. On cell membranes and antibodies How is adaptive immunity specific and how does it remember?

23 Also utilize Major histo-compatibility molecules (_____ _______________) _______________ = “kill me” _______________ = “kill these guys”

24 Jenner’s Story… From milkbarn to history books

25 What are antibodies? … ________ ________ formed by B- cells (Plasma cells). Antibodies aid in __________ __________ in various ways... How do vaccines work?

26 3-14 days <3 days How do vaccines work?

27 T cells: How does cell-mediated immunity work?

28 T cells: _____________ cells bind to target cells and cause lysis. Also release cytokines _____________ persist & stay in circulation How does cell-mediated immunity work?

29 What are the different types of acquired immunity?

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