1. Hydrological Energy By:Saeed Merghani and Dalal Dumaidi

2. Hydrology is the study of movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth including the hydrologic cycle. Hydrological is energy generated from hydropower. Hydropower gets energy from running or streaming water from dams and ect. Hydrological energy Is non depletable and renewable. Thats great for the environment and for humans. Hydropower is one of the oldest power sources on the planet, generating power when flowing water spins a wheel or turbine. It was used by farmers as far back as ancient Greeks and egyptians when the Nile used to flood. Hydropower is also a renewable energy source and produces no air pollution or toxic byproducts.Hydropower

3. Types of HydroPower There are three types of hydropower facilities: 1.Impoundment The most common type of hydroelectric power plant is an impoundment facility. An impoundment facility, typically a large hydropower system, uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity. The water may be released either to meet changing electricity needs or to maintain a constant reservoir level. 2.Diversion A diversion, sometimes called run-of-river, facility channels a portion of a river through a canal or penstock. It may not require the use of a dam. 3.Pumped Storage When the demand for electricity is low, a pumped storage facility stores energy by pumping water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir. During periods of high electrical demand, the water is released back to the lower reservoir to generate electricity.

4. Facilities range in size from large power plants that supply many consumers with electricity to small and micro plants that individuals operate for their own energy needs or to sell power to utilities. Large Hydropower large hydropower as facilities that have a capacity of more than 50 MW. Medium Hydropower medium hydropower as facilities that have a capacity of 10 MW to 50 MW. Small Hydropower small hydropower as facilities that have a capacity of below 10 MW.

5. Main goal 1.Hydropower is considered a renewable energy resource because it uses the Earth's water cycle to generate electricity. Water evaporates from the Earth's surface, forms clouds, precipitates back to earth, and flows toward the ocean. 2.Helps Create jobs 3.To be a big energy source in the future 4.To help the environment 5.And to create cheap lasting energy

6. Social Consequences Blocking rivers with dams can lower water quality, damage aquatic habitat, block fish passage, and ruin local communities. 2. Expensive Building power plants in general is expensive. Hydroelectric power plants are not an exception to this. On the other hand, these plants do not require a lot of workers and maintenance costs are usually low. 3. Droughts Electricity generation and energy prices are directly related to how much water is available. A drought could potentially affect this. 4. Limited Reservoirs We have already started using up suitable reservoirs for hydroelectric power plants. There are currently about 30 major power plants that are expected to generate more than 2.000 MW under construction. Only one of these projects was started in the last two years.

7. How does it work? Water is needed to run a hydroelectric power-generating unit. The water is held behind a dam, forming a man made lake. The pressure and weight of the water being released from the lake through the dam spins the blades of a giant turbine.

8. Technological obstacles Not that many technological obstacles. The technology is there its just the money and price that the issue. Building dams and hydropower plants are expensive.

9. Negative Envormane impacts Negative: 1.Land use- It takes alot of land and space to create dams. That means cutting down and destroying animals habitats. For the making of Hydropower plants. 2.Wildlife Impacts It affects the fish and animals that go through It can harm the fish and disturb the fish ladder. And some of the animals get killed by the turbine blades 3. The process of building the dams and hydropower plants. It releases a lot of global warming emissions. That affect the air and the water.

10. Positive Envirormental impacts. Positive: 1. Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant rate. 2. If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can be shut, stopping electricity generation. The water can be saved for use another time when electricity demand is high. 3. Dams are designed to last many decades and so can contribute to the generation of electricity for many years / decades.

11. Videos 1.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xTvz4I lVaohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xTvz4I lVao 2.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnPEtw QtmGQ

12. Bibliography 1."Hydroelectricity." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. 2."Hydroelectric Energy Pros and Cons - Energy Informative." Energy Informative. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. 3."How Hydroelectric Energy Works." Union of Concerned Scientists. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Mar. 2015. 4."Download PDFs." Hydropower in Brazil: Overview of Positive and Negative Environmental Aspects. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2015. 5."Hydroelectric Energy." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2015. 6."How Hydroelectricity Works." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2015.