1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. French and Indian War

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Objectives Identify the reasons why fighting broke out between France and Britain in North America. Describe the early defeat of the British by the French at the beginning of the French and Indian War. Explain how the British gained victory, and explain the results of the French and Indian War.

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People George Washington – Virginia colonist who led troops against the French during the Seven Years ’ War; future president militia – force made up of civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army alliance – agreement between countries to help each other against other countries cede – surrender

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. North America in 1750

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. New France Huguenots (French Protestant) settles in America to Avoid persecution from the Catholic Church Owned everything on the Mississippi River Economic Trapping and hunting Trading with the Native Americans Cultural Traditions Huguenots (French Protestants Had families with the natives (“runners of the woods”)

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. British Colonies Government Colonies create their own legislatures Start settling in Tennessee and the Ohio River Valley Economics Southern plantations grow cash crops Trading ports in New England Cultural Traditions Multiple generations Defined gender roles New “American” traditions (Thanksgiving)

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Salutary Neglect Unwritten British policy that lessened strict restriction of trade from the 1600-1700s in the colonies Allowed the colonies to prosper Trade with non-British groups Use the money to buy British goods

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How did the British gain French territory in North America? In the mid-1700s, both Britain and France claimed vast areas of land in North America — lands long settled by Native Americans. Because of their conflicting claims, Britain and France fought a deadly war with the future of much of North America at stake.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In the 1750s, the two sides fought in the Ohio River valley, the area between Lake Erie and the Ohio River.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Virginia colony also claimed the land, and British settlers continued to move west. France claimed the Ohio River valley as part of its territory.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1753, the French began building forts in the Ohio River valley to protect their claims. This angered the British. The governor of Virginia sent a militia led by George Washington to order the French out. The French builders ignored Washington ’ s warnings.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The next year, Washington returned to the Ohio River valley to find the French building a fort at a key location. Fort Duquesne Built where the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers meet to form the Ohio River Ohio R.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Washington built a small fort of his own, Fort Necessity, nearby. A large French army attacked, forcing Washington to surrender Fort Necessity. The French sent Washington home with the message that they would never give up the Ohio River valley.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. British French Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians The Ohio Valley 1754  The First Clash

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. War with France seemed certain. Hoping to form an alliance against the French, the British called a meeting of colonial leaders and local Iroquois tribes in Albany, New York. This was called the Albany Congress. The alliance failed. British Iroquois refuse to join a British alliance

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Colonial leaders at the Albany Congress still tried to work out a plan to defend themselves against the French. Benjamin Franklin urged the colonists to unite against the enemy.

17. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Franklin drew up a plan in which an elected council would have authority to act for all the colonies on urgent matters. It also could form armies and collect taxes to pay expenses. Albany Plan of Union The Albany Plan of Union was rejected by the colonial assemblies.

18. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Ben Franklin Because the Albany Congress failed the Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French. (The Iroquois also thought the French would win the war.) Because the Albany Congress failed the Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French. (The Iroquois also thought the French would win the war.) 1754  Albany Plan of Union

19. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Despite the failure to form a united front, the British decided it was time to act. In 1755, troops led by General Edward Braddock marched on Fort Duquesne. The French and their Native American allies ambushed the British, defeating them. The British knew little about fighting in North America. Red uniforms made the British easy to spot.

20. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The British disaster at Fort Duquesne was followed by other defeats. In 1756, Britain declared war on France, marking the official beginning of the Seven Years ’ War. Fort Niagara Lake George Fort Oswego Fort William Henry

21. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. British March in formation or bayonet charge. Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings. Colonists should pay for their own defense. Indian-style guerilla tactics. Col. militias served under own captains. Resistance to rising taxes. Casual, non-professionals. Methods of Fighting: Military Organization: Finances: Demeanor: British-American Colonial Tensions Colonials

22. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Britain ’ s string of defeats finally ended when a new prime minister, William Pitt, took office. Pitt ’ s generals soon turned the tide of the war. In 1758, the British won Fort Duquesne, renaming it Fort Pitt. Such victories helped the British gain Iroquois support. British Iroquois join a British alliance

23. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The French and Indian War British victories in 1758 and 1759 set the stage for the key battle of the war — the Battle of Quebec.

24. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Quebec, the capital of New France, was located atop high cliffs. The British climbed the cliffs on an unguarded trail and captured the city. Without Quebec, France could no longer defend its territory. In 1763, Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the war.

25. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Under the terms of the treaty, France was forced to cede its lands in North America to the British. Native Americans lost, too, as British settlers continued to move west.

26. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England. England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India. 1763  Treaty of Paris

27. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. North America in 1750

28. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. North America in 1763

29. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. 1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary! Effects of the War on Britain?

30. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. 1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify. Effects of the War on the American Colonials

31. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Salutary Neglect Taught the colonies that they no longer needed England- politically or economically. Would eventually lead to REVOLUTION