3. Today’s Agenda n How to Give an Argumentative Speech

4. Framing the Argumentative Speech n Time limit: six minutes maximum n Evaluation: outline graded by instructor; Feedback on oral performance by class in small groups n Instructor Evaluation Sheet

5. Topic Selection n Choose a topic of interest to you n Phrase the proposition as a proposition of policy according to the standards covered in class

6. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation Ê Ê Thou shalt state the proposition

7. TitleProposition John Doe A Chance for Education Proposition: Resolved: that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates. A Sample Outline

8. Remember This Advice? Wording Propositions Effectively l Full sentences: l Statement, not a question l Avoid figurative language l One idea at a time l Not vague nor general

9. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation Ê Ê Thou shalt state the proposition Ë Ë Thou shalt present three mainpoints following stock issues

10. TitleProposition (Need) (Inherency) (Solvency) John Doe A Chance for Education Proposition: Resolved: that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates. I. Denial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. II. Present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education III. Government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education A Sample Outline

11. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation Ê Ê Thou shalt state the proposition Ë Ë Thou shalt present three mainpoints following stock issues Ì Ì Thou shalt prepare reasons for mainpoints

12. TitleProposition (Need) (Inherency) (Solvency) John Doe A Chance for Education Proposition: Resolved: that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates. I. Denial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. II. Present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all III. Government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education A Sample Outline

13. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation Ê Ê Thou shalt state the proposition Ë Ë Thou shalt present three mainpoints following stock issues Ì Ì Thou shalt prepare reasons for mainpoints Í Í Thou shalt prove mainpoints with evidence

14. TitleProposition (Need) Evidence Evidence(Inherency) (Solvency)Evidence John Doe A Chance for Education Proposition: Resolved: that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates. I. Denial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. --quotation from Newsweek, March 21, 1994 II. Present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all --James Humes-Prof. of Education at USC, Higher Education, September 1983 III. Government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education --quotation from James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., Financing Education, 1992 A Sample Outline

15. Requirement of Quality Evidence and Arguments n Support each main point with evidence n State: source name qualifications qualifications publication publication date date

16. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation Ê Ê Thou shalt state the proposition Ë Ë Thou shalt present three mainpoints following stock issues Ì Ì Thou shalt prepare reasons for mainpoints Í Í Thou shalt prove mainpoints with evidence Î Î Thou shalt prepare an introduction

17. TitleProposition Introduction Introduction(Need) Evidence Evidence(Inherency) (Solvency)Evidence John Doe A Chance for Education Proposition: Resolved: that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates. Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge I. Denial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. --quotation from Newsweek, March 21, 1994 II. Present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all --James Humes-Prof. of Education at USC, Higher Education, September 1983 III. Government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education --quotation from James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., Financing Education, 1992 A Sample Outline

18. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation » » Thou shalt prepare a summary conclusion

19. TitleProposition Introduction (Need) Introduction (Need) Evidence Evidence(Inherency) (Solvency) (Solvency)Evidence Summary John Doe A Chance for Education Proposition: Resolved: that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates. Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge I. Denial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. --quotation from Newsweek, March 21, 1994 II. Present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all --James Humes-Prof. of Education at USC, Higher Education, September 1983 III. Government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education --quotation from James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., Financing Education, 1992 Summary Conclusion A Sample Outline

20. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation » » Thou shalt prepare a summary conclusion Ð Ð Thou shalt preview mainpoints

21. TitleProposition Introduction Preview (Need) Introduction Preview (Need) Evidence Evidence(Inherency) (Solvency) (Solvency)Evidence Summary John Doe A Chance for Education Proposition: Resolved: that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates. Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge (Preview all mainpoints) I. Denial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. --quotation from Newsweek, March 21, 1994 II. Present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all --James Humes-Prof. of Education at USC, Higher Education, September 1983 III. Government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education --quotation from James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., Financing Education, 1992 Summary Conclusion A Sample Outline

22. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation » » Thou shalt prepare a summary conclusion Ð Ð Thou shalt preview mainpoints Ñ Ñ Thou shalt present transitions between mainpoints

23. TitleProposition Introduction Preview (Need) Introduction Preview (Need) Evidence Transition (Inherency) Evidence Transition (Inherency) Evidence Evidence (Solvency) (Solvency)Evidence Summary Transition John Doe A Chance for Education Proposition: Resolved: that the federal government should pay for higher education for all qualified high school graduates. Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge (Preview all mainpoints) I. Denial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. --quotation from Newsweek, March 21, 1994 (transition) II. Present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all --James Humes-Prof. of Education at USC, Higher Education, September 1983 (transition) III. Government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education --quotation from James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., Financing Education, 1992 Summary Conclusion A Sample Outline

24. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation » » Thou shalt prepare a summary conclusion Ð Ð Thou shalt preview mainpoints Ñ Ñ Thou shalt present transitions between mainpoints Ò Ò Thou shalt speak from notecards

25. John Doe A Chance for Education Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge (Preview all mainpoints) I. Denial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. (transition) II. Present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all (transition) III. Government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education Summary Conclusion

26. John Doe According to the lead editorial appearing in the March 21, 1994 issue of Newsweek, “Increases in college costs have become so extreme that at least one-third of qualified high school graduates cannot attend college due to lack of money. In the future, this uneducated group may well be a drain on the economy as a whole.” James Humes, Prof. of Education at USC, published his research on the subject in the professional journal, Higher Education, in September 1983. He concluded: “Loan programs do not encourage students to attend college since the high financial burdens they place on students seem to put college opportunities beyond any but those whose careers are the very highest paid.” Writing in his 1992 book Financing Education, James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., explained: “Careful examination of state finances and the likely prospects for private programs to expand convincingly reveal that only the federal government is in a position to assure access to college to all qualified high school graduates.”

27. John Doe A Chance for Education Intro: story of Heinrich Heine and knowledge (Preview all mainpoints) I. Denial of opportunities for higher education to qualified high school graduates on the basis of finances is a significant national problem. (transition) II. Present financial aid programs cannot guarantee opportunities for higher education A. Government programs structurally exclude many B. Burdensome loan programs cannot guarantee higher education opportunities to all (transition) III. Government financing of higher education would guarantee opportunities for higher education Summary Conclusion John Doe According to the lead editorial appearing in the March 21, 1994 issue of Newsweek, “Increases in college costs have become so extreme that at least one-third of qualified high school graduates cannot attend college due to lack of money. In the future, this uneducated group may well be a drain on the economy as a whole.” James Humes, Prof. of Education at USC, published his research on the subject in the professional journal, Higher Education, in September 1983. He concluded: “Loan programs do not encourage students to attend college since the high financial burdens they place on students seem to put college opportunities beyond any but those whose careers are the very highest paid.” Wrriting in his 1992 book Financing Education, James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., explained: “Careful examination of state finances and the likely prospects for private programs to expand convincingly reveal that only the federal government is in a position to assure access to college to all qualified high school graduates.” John Doe According to the lead editorial appearing in the March 21, 1994 issue of Newsweek, “Increases in college costs have become so extreme that at least one-third of qualified high school graduates cannot attend college due to lack of money. In the future, this uneducated group may well be a drain on the economy as a whole.” James Humes, Prof. of Education at USC, published his research on the subject in the professional journal, Higher Education, in September 1983. He concluded: “Loan programs do not encourage students to attend college since the high financial burdens they place on students seem to put college opportunities beyond any but those whose careers are the very highest paid.” Wrriting in his 1992 book Financing Education, James Froude--Prof. of Public Finance at M.I.T., explained: “Careful examination of state finances and the likely prospects for private programs to expand convincingly reveal that only the federal government is in a position to assure access to college to all qualified high school graduates.”

28. Ten Commandments of Speech Preparation » » Thou shalt prepare a summary conclusion Ð Ð Thou shalt preview mainpoints Ñ Ñ Thou shalt present transitions between mainpoints Ò Ò Thou shalt speak from notecards Ó Ó Thou shalt prepare orally