1. AGE OF ABSOLUTISM (UNIT 3, CHAPTER 21) GRAPHIC ORGANIZER NOTES

2. SPAIN’S EMPIRE DECLINES (Page 2)
CAUSES
EFFECTS
Inflation and unfair taxes hurt the poor
Spain’s economy declines
Protestant revolt in the Netherlands
1579 – United Provinces of the Netherlands is formed
English navy was equipped with better weapons, gunners, and battle tactics
1588 – Spanish Armada is defeated; Spanish tried to invade and punish Protestants in England
Guilds sold goods much cheaper in France, Holland (Netherlands), and England
Spaniards bought goods from these countries, so Spain’s wealth went to their enemies
Spain borrowed money from Germany and Italy to finance wars
King Philip II had to declare bankruptcy 3 times

3. THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV (Page 5)
YEARS
IMPORTANT EVENTS IN FRANCE
Religious wars between Catholics and Protestants
1643
Louis XIV became king of France at the age of 5
1598
Edict of Nantes – Huguenots (French Protestants) were allowed to live in peace and build churches
War of the Spanish Succession – France and Spain tried to unite thrones, so other European countries formed an alliance and fought them

4. CENTRAL EUROPEAN MONARCHS CLASH (Page 9)
YEARS
KEY EVENTS IN CENTRAL EUROPE
Thirty Years’ War – conflict over religion, territory, and power among Europe’s ruling families
Seven Years’ War – Britain and Prussia fought Austria, France, and Russia; French and Indian War was part of this conflict
1740
Frederick the Great of Prussia invaded part of Maria Theresa of Austria’s territory and claimed it

5. PETER THE GREAT OF RUSSIA (Page 14)
TYPE OF CHANGE
DESCRIPTION OF PETER THE GREAT’S CHANGES
Political
Increased the power of the czar (Russian ruler)
Social
Raised women’s status by having them attend social functions
Cultural
Ordered nobles to give up traditional clothes for Western fashions
Economic
Established the warm-water port of St. Petersburg which gave Russia better trading opportunities with the West

6. PARLIAMENT LIMITS THE ENGLISH MONARCHY (Page 18)
YEARS
KEY CHANGES IN THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT
1642
English Civil War begins
1649
Charles I is executed for treason and Oliver Cromwell becomes military dictator
1660
Charles II becomes king of England after Cromwell dies (Restoration)
1688
Glorious Revolution – bloodless overthrow of King James II
1689
English Bill of Rights – guaranteed basic civil liberties