1. Forging the Republic: Revolution & the New Nation (1754-1820s)

2. French & Indian War (1754-1763)

3. Consequences of French & Indian War No French threat on the frontier to create a common enemy for colonists and British Empire Possibility of enhanced westward expansion for colonists – not welcomed in London Weakened relations between the Crown and the Thirteen Colonies thanks to a “culture clash” from military partnership

4. Prelude to Revolution

5. Colonial Grievances Restrictions on westward expansion Taxation without representation Conspiracy theory that gradual enslavement politically was the British goal Inability to trade internationally Connections and social standing mattered more than merit

6. Boston as the Flashpoint

7. Proverbial “Shot Heard ‘Round the World” – Lexington Green – Apr 1775

8. Declaration of Independence

9. Strategic Overview of War

10. Patriot Battle Plan Win a war of attrition by wearing down British Not necessary to win battles and occupy much territory Use guerilla tactics with small units and skirmishes and quick retreats with armies Avoid conventional, 18 th Century style engagements that favored British Took some setbacks for this strategy to be accepted

11. Most Desperate Hour for Patriots – Trenton – Dec 1776

12. French Join the Patriots – Keyed by Victory at Saratoga – Oct 1777

13. Final Victory – Yorktown – Oct 1781

14. Problems Within Patriot Movement Slavery question – more slaves won their freedom serving with British than among Patriots Class tensions – commoners wanted more of a voice than gentry class was generally willing to allow State authorities often uncooperative with Washington and Continental Congress

15. Treaty of Paris (1783)

16. Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation No chief executive of any significance No ability for national government to tax or set trade policy No high court of the land Unanimous consent required to amend Articles In effect, a recipe for chaos

17. Constitutional Convention May-Sep 1787 Consensus around establishing what scholars call a republican regency – essentially protecting the people from themselves Slavery question put off through 3/5 Compromise and ban on international slave trade after 1808 Large state/small state differences settled with two-house Congress as we know it today

18. Ratification Debate Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Liberty vs. Order – Where is proper equilibrium? Argument by James Madison in Federalist Essay #10 Federalists win the day with promise of national Bill of Rights

19. Election of George Washington

20. Emergence of Rudimentary Political Parties Federalists led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton Favored loose interpretation of Constitution Desired strong national government Order prioritized over liberty Pro-British foreign policy Self-styled “aristocrats” Ceased to be national force after Adams presidency (1797-1801)

21. Emergence of Political Parties (continued) Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison Favored strict interpretation of Constitution States’ rights party Pro-French foreign policy Self-styled “democrats” Favored by agricultural interests vs. industrially- and commercially-oriented Federalists

22. XYZ Affair & Quasi-War with France

23. Louisiana Purchase - 1803

24. War of 1812 (1812-1815)

25. Missouri Compromise - 1820

26. Rise of Andrew Jackson

27. Political Impact of Jackson Democratic Party and its eventual opposition initially built around him Signified rise of the common man and necessity to cater politics towards the public Took everything in politics personally Used more vetoes than all previous presidents combined Made the presidency a more powerful institution than most Founders had anticipated

28. Recommended Primary Sources for Papers & Other Assignments Novanglus essay by John Adams (1775) “Give me Liberty or Give me Death “ speech by Patrick Henry (1775) Common Sense and The American Crisis essays by Thomas Paine (1776) Declaration of Independence (1776) Farewell Address by George Washington (1796)

29. Primary Sources (continued) Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom by Thomas Jefferson (1786) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson (1798-1799) Monroe Doctrine (1823) U.S. Supreme Court decision in Cherokee Nation v. the State of Georgia (1831)