1. Educating Children with Special Education Needs and Communication Disorders in Schools Marlene B. Salas-Provance, Ph.D., CCC-SLP Associate Professor Department Head Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders

2. Special Education Teachers 2009 All teachers, including special education –437,000 (6.5 M children with disabilities) –Critical shortage of teachers in special education –110,000 special education teachers grades 9-12 –2,020 teachers in New Mexico/includes special education K-12

3. Speech-Language Pathologists –Approximately 166,000 certified SLPs in US –Approximately 2000 certified SLPs around the world –Prevalence of speech sound disorders is 8-9% of the population By first grade 5% of children have a noticeable speech disorder

4. Speech-Language Disorders –6-8 million people in US have a language impairment –3 million Americans stutter 15 million in the world –7.7 million Americans have a voice disorder –http://www.asha.org/Research/reports/children/http://www.asha.org/Research/reports/children/

5. Students with Disabilities 2009/2010 –6.5 Million students –Ages 3-21 –13% of population 38% with specific learning disability 22% with speech or language impairments (SLI) 11% with health impairments 6-7% with autism, intellectual disability, emotional disability, developmental delay

6. DISABILITY TYPE

7. REGULAR SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

8. IDEA IDEA – Individuals with Disability Act – 1975 mandates provision of ‘free’ and ‘appropriate’ public school education for children ages 3-21 who have disabilities Building the Legacy: IDEA 2004 http://idea.ed.gov/ http://nichcy.org/laws/idea

9. ADA ADA 1990 – Americans with Disabilities Act –Guarantee rights of full inclusion into mainstream – ADA Amendments Act of 2008 – http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/disability/ada.htm http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/disability/ada.htm

10. US Special Education School Placements Special School Districts Special Education in Regular Education School Districts –Regular classrooms/Co-teachers –Special Education Resource Rooms –Self-contained Classrooms –One-to-one speech-language therapy –Group speech-language therapy

11. Types of Settings ( Public or Private) Early Intervention – Birth to three – Preschool School-Age Elementary – Middle School – High School 95% of students with disabilities enrolled in regular schools 86% with SLI spent most of day in regular classroom

12. Types of Settings Schools for the Deaf Schools for the Visually Impaired Classrooms for children with Physical Handicaps Classrooms for children with Behavioral Disorders

13. Effective Special Educator Practices Co-Teaching Provides specialized services to individual students in general education class Co-Teaching Team –General educator, special educator, speech- language pathologist

14. Effective Special Educator Practices Co-Teaching Aspects of Co-Teaching Team –Agree on a goal –Share a common belief system –Demonstrate parity –Share leadership roles –Practice effective communication skills

15. Effective Special Educator Practices Co-Teaching Popular Teaching Model –Adheres to IDEA principles Schools hold high expectations for all students Schools ensure students have access to the curriculum of general education to maximum extent

16. Qualifications No Child Left Behind (NCLB) 2001 http://www2.ed.gov/nclb/landing.jhtml All children must receive instruction from “Highly Qualified” educators –Speech-language pathologist: Masters Degree with American Speech-Language Hearing Association (ASHA) Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC) and state licensure –Special Education Teacher: Bachelors degree and state licensure, possible Masters degree, First license in general education K-12

17. Special Education Curriculums and Treatment Plans Establish student learning objectives (SLOs) Construct objectives that are aligned with general education class Provide educational opportunities to ELLs (English Language Learners). Evaluate to determine if are eligible for special services

18. Special Education Curriculums and Treatment Plans General and special educators work collaboratively Co-INSTRUCTING One teach, one observe One teach, one assist Station Teaching Parallel Teaching Alterantive Teaching Team Teaching Conderman, G ( March, 2011). Middle school co-teaching: Effective practices and student reflections. Middle School Journal, www.nmsa.org pp 24-31www.nmsa.org

19. Special Education Curriculums and Treatment Plans Accommodate leaning needs for students with disabilities Accommodate levels of performances for students with disabilities All students who receive special education and related services must have an IEP/Individualized Educational Plan

20. Attitudes Towards Disability http://www.uwlax.edu/urc/JUR-online/PDF/2010/grames&leverentz.pdf http://www.uwlax.edu/urc/JUR-online/PDF/2010/grames&leverentz.pdf Objects of fear and pity Over-indulged, behavior not controlled Revered, a special gift Hopeless condition Incapable of contributing to society To be cared for at home or in institutions Uneducable

21. Conclusion Education for individuals with disabilities in the US is advanced; spanning 50 years More emphasis towards outcomes of teaching and treatment More emphasis toward evidence-based practices Emphasis toward person-first vocabulary –Child with autism, not an autistic child Emphasis toward general educator/special educator collaboration

22. References Flynn, P. (2010, August 31). New service delivery models: Connecting SLPs with teachers and curriculum. The ASHA Leader. http://www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2010/100831/Service- Delivery-Models.htm http://www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2010/100831/Service- Delivery-Models.htm Friend, M., & Cook, L. (2010). Interactions: Collaboration skills for school professionals (6 th ed.)Boston: Pearson Education Gately, S., & Gately, F.. (2001). Understanding co-teaching. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 33(4), 40-47 Turnbull, R., Huerta, N., M., & Stowe, M. (2006). The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act as amended in 2004. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.