4. I. Feudalism A political, economic, and social system that exchanges land for loyalty and military service.

5. A. Japanese Feudalism Japan had an emperor, but rival clans battled for land. Warlords formed groups loyal to them, not the emperor.

6. 1. A shogun is supreme military commander. 2. A daimyo is a powerful landowner.

7. a. The shogun gave land to daimyo in exchange for protection. a. The shogun gave land to daimyo in exchange for protection. b. The most successful was the Tokugawa Shogunate, who ruled from 1603 - 1868.

8. 3. Samurai, or warriors whose name means “those who serve” got land from the daimyo.

9. a. Bushido, or “way of the warrior” is a code of honor, bravery, and loyalty that Samurai followed.

10. B. Samurai who betrayed the code of bushido had to commit seppuku, or ritual suicide, rather than live without honor. The samurai would impale himself on his sword. C. Ronin were hired soldiers and were considered lower class.

11.  Unlike the solid steel plates used by European knights, Japanese armor consisted of thin strips of steel held together by brightly colored silk cords. Don’t write!

13.  The true samurai was supposed to have no fear of death.  “If you think of saving your life,” it was said, “you had better not go to war at all.”  Samurai prepared for hardship by going hungry or walking barefoot in the snow.  It was said, “When a samurai’s stomach is empty, it is a disgrace to feel hungry.”

14. 4. Peasants, artisans and merchants were below samurai a. 75-90% of Japan Peasants formed the backbone of feudal society. What does that mean? Don’t write!

15. Peasant families cultivated rice and other crops on estates of samurai. Some peasants served as soldiers; rarely, some even became samurai. Don’t write!

16. CASTLESCASTLES CASTLESCASTLES

17. Let’s compare European Feudalism to Japanese Feudalism! Similarities Differences Differences

19. Japanese Feudalism European Feudalism Emperor - Emperor - Highest position but no political power Shogun - Shogun - Actual ruler Daimyo - Daimyo -Powerful landowners Samurai Samurai- gave protection for land Code of Bushido- Code of Bushido- behavior code Seppuku Seppuku- ritual suicide, rather than live without honor Peasants and artisans- Peasants and artisans- provided food and weapons Merchants Merchants- gained status slowly King Lords and nobles Knights Code of Chivalry Pope Serfs Merchants Merchants- High Middle Ages Later

23. Kyushu Shikoku Honshu Hokkaido Sea of Japan East China Sea Korea Strait Sea of Okhotsk Tsuguru Strait Inland Sea Mt. Fuji

24. I. Geography A. Japan is an, or chain of islands in the Pacific O. A. Japan is an archipelago, or chain of islands in the Pacific O. B. Most of Japan is mountainous so people settled in arable or farmable river valleys and along coastal plains.

25. C. Japan is in the Ring of Fire or Pacific Rim of Fire, a region with many earthquakes and volcanoes.

26. Mt. Fuji

27. D. A Tsunami is a huge tidal wave. E. A Typhoon is a hurricane in the Pacific

28. Failure to Conquer Japan Failure to Conquer Japan In 1274 and again in 1281, Kublai Khan sent huge fleets to invade Japan.In 1274 and again in 1281, Kublai Khan sent huge fleets to invade Japan. Both times, the Japanese turned them back.Both times, the Japanese turned them back. A typhoon (kamikaze) even destroyed one Mongol fleet.A typhoon (kamikaze) even destroyed one Mongol fleet. Don’t write!

29. Geography of Japan Mountains Islands Close to China and Korea Farming is harder Less unity Shintoism- religion based on nature spirits Sea provides food, transportation, isolation, protection Cultural diffusion

31. II. Culture II. Culture

32. A. China’s influence on Japan Writing Japan adapted Chinese writing system to their language. Buddhism Spread and flourished Zen Buddhism Values peace, simple living, nature and beauty. Confucianism proper behavior, proper behavior,loyalty, honoring parents (filial piety) and respect for learning

33. “Harmony should be valued and quarrels (argument) should be avoided. Everyone has his bias (prejudice) and few men are far- sighted. Therefore some disobey their lords and fathers and keep up feuds (arguments) with their neighbors. But when superiors are in harmony with each other an inferiors are friendly, then affairs are discussed quietly and the right view of matters prevails (do well).” ~Prince Shotoku What philosophy does Prince Shotoku seem to be influenced by? Why?

34. B. The Japanese practiced Selective borrowing, keeping some Chinese ideas and rejected others.

35. Title: The Great Wave Off Kanagawa Artist: Katsushika Hokusai Date: Edo period, c. 1828 Museum/ Source: Honolulu Academy of Arts, Hawaii Medium: Polychrome woodblock print on paper Size: 9 7/8" X 14 5/8" (25 X 37.1 cm) C. Japanese Art

36. 1. Calligraphy 1. Calligraphy

37. 2. Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper Folding

38. Origami Origami

40. 3. Colorful woodblock prints became popular.

41. D. Theater 1. Kabuki plays often showed family or historical events. -Dressed in colorful costumes, actors used exaggerated movements to convey action.

45. Kabuki Theater An interior of a Kabuki theater.

46. E. Literature Japanese poets adapted Chinese models, creating miniature poems called haiku. In only 3 lines and 17 syllables, feeling is expressed.

47. Haiku : 17-syllable poem Haiku : 17-syllable poem Matsuo Basho, Master of Haiku Spring departs. Birds cry Fishes' eyes are filled with tears.

48. Shinto Polytheism Ancestor Worship Natural features Trees, rocks, and mountains The World of the kami Minimize sin & guilt Great Creator Don’t write!

49. Zen Buddhism Zen Buddhism A.During Japan’s feudal age, Zen Buddhism emphasized meditation and duty. B.Zen stressed compassion for all yet samurai fought to kill. Don’t write!

50.  At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to express devotion to nature in such activities as landscape gardening. Don’t write!

51.  Zen monks were the leading scholars and artisans of feudal Japan. The temple served as a Zen monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting shoguns seeking advice. Don’t write!

52.  The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and love of beauty. Don’t write!

53. Tea Ceremony Tea Ceremony

54. A Japanese Tea Master A Japanese Tea Master

55. A Japanese Tea House A Japanese Tea House

56. Bonzai : A Unique Method of Meditation

57. Japanese Garden for Meditation

58. Japanese Zen Garden

59. Japanese Sand Garden

60. Miniature Rock/Sand Garden

61. Torii Gate in Winter

62. Torii Gate

65. DOMO ARIGATO!