2. Aim To gain an understanding of Hate Crimes and Incidents To understand the importance of recording Hate Crimes and Incidents

3. Objectives By the end of this session you will understand: By the end of this session you will understand: What a Hate Crime is What a Hate Crime is The difference between a Hate Crime and Hate Incident The difference between a Hate Crime and Hate Incident The different categories of Hate Crime The different categories of Hate Crime

4. Stephen Lawrence murder  Public Enquiry established on 31 July 1997 chaired by Sir William Macpherson  “To enquire into matters arising from the death of Stephen Lawrence on 22 nd April 1993 in order particularly, to identify the lessons to be learned for the investigation and prosecution of racially motivated crimes.”  Report published Feb 1999  70 recommendations for policing and society.

5. Stephen Lawrence murder  “Stephen Lawrence's murder was simply and solely and unequivocally motivated by racism”  Racist incident must be understood to include crimes and non-crimes in policing terms. Both must be reported, recorded and investigated with equal commitment  This definition should be universally adopted by the Police, local Government and other relevant agencies

6. Racist incident “Any incident which is perceived to be racist by victim or any other person” (Recommendation 12, Macpherson Report)

7. Race…and what else?  Disability  Religion and belief (or lack of)  Sexual orientation  Transgender

8. What is a hate crime? “Any incident, which constitutes a criminal offence, perceived by the victim or any other person, as being motivated by prejudice or hate.”

9. What is a hate incident? “Any incident, which may or may not constitute a criminal offence, which is perceived by the victim or any other person as being motivated by prejudice or hate”.

10. Perception  The perception of the victim or any other person is the defining factor in determining a hate incident

11. Hate crime  Importance of ‘Perception’  Importance of Non-Crime Incidents  Hostility not hate – “In the absence of a precise legal definition of hostility, let us consider dictionary definitions including 'unfriendliness', 'antagonism‘ and 'meanness’ ” Sir Ken MacDonald, DPP, October 2008

12.  WHY do we deal with Hate Crime in the way we do?  Hate Crime has implications at many levels:  Individual  Family and friends  Local Community  Wider Community

13. Where and when?  The majority of hate crimes happen near to the victim's home while they are going about their daily business  An offence is most likely to be committed between 3pm and midnight.

14. Types of crime  Physical attacks – assaults, damage to property including graffiti and arson  Threats – offensive letters, malicious communications and harassment  Abuse – gestures, words and any other visible representation

15. Allport’s Scale 1 2 3 4 5 five ways that prejudice can be expressed or acted upon. 1 Antilocution (name calling, stereotyping) 2 Avoidance (defamation by omission, exclusion)3 Discrimination (refusal of service, denial of opportunity) 4 Physical Attack (threat of physical violence, murder) 5 Extermination (mass assassination, genocide)

16. David (Ray) Atherton  Last seen 9 th May 2006  Reported missing 12 th May  Body discovered 16 th May in River Mersey, Warrington

17. David (Ray) Atherton  2 youths Palin & Dodd pleaded not guilty to murder but guilty to manslaughter  Sentenced to 3 and half years minimum term.

18. Sophie Lancaster & Jody Dobrowski  In August 2007, Sophie Lancaster was kicked to death, simply for dressing differently  Jody Dobrowski 24, was murdered on Clapham Common in South London, around midnight on the October 14 2005.

19. Questions Should the following be recorded as a Hate Crime?  A woman suffers Criminal Damage with the words “Fat Bitch” sprayed on her car.  A young boy with Ginger hair is assaulted and called a “Ginger bastard”

20. Questions Should the following be recorded as a Hate Crime?  An Iranian family has a note put through the door saying “Go back where you came from”. The following day someone shouts, “Go home” as the father goes to the shop.  Male offender goes to a well known public sex location and picks up another male. He drives to a park and seriously assaults the victim.

21. Reporting Centres Our aim is to enable anyone in the community to report hate incidents with confidence to a local reporting centre.  Our aim is to enable anyone in the community to report hate incidents with confidence to a local reporting centre.  We are committed to making the people of Cheshire safe and feel safe.

22. Reporting Centres  3rd Party Centres will record details of ANY incidents reported to them as being hate motivated. No restrictions are placed on where the incident took place. Schools, work, home and public places will be recorded if the centre is informed about it.

23. Reporting Centres Anonymous  Anonymous  Identified  Victim Centred Response  Referral / Case Conference

24. Any Questions?