1. REDD+ and the Tenure Mosaics of Nepal’s Terai Arc Landscape Nayna J Jhaveri Resource Tenure Specialist Tenure and Global Climate Change Project Tetra Tech ARD Jagannath Adhikari Research Fellow Australia National University

2. Tenure and Jurisdictional REDD+ in Nepal Nepal ER-PIN April 2014; 1.18 million ha

3. Devolution of Government-Managed Forests 5 interventions Devolution of 300,000 ha of government-managed forests to community forests, collaborative forests, and private plantations Nepal is a global leader in the devolution of forest tenure to a range of community-based forest tenure types Ability to meet targets for emission reductions

4. Relationship between forest cover and forest tenure

6. Forest Cover and Deforestation Rate Deforestation rate: 0.40% Terai; 0.18% Churia

7. Community Forests 1993 Forest Act, 1995 Forest Rules, 2009 CF Guidelines CFUGs are self-governing and autonomous institutions On national forestlands Established in perpetuity Constitution and operational plan (5 or 10 year) Gender equity rules in governance Only 15% tax on sal and khair sales Federation of Community Forestry Users, Nepal (FECOFUN)

8. Community Forests 11.73% of community forestry user groups found in the Terai

9. Community Forests Number of community forestry user groups (2013)

10. Collaborative Forests Established through 2000 National Forest Policy; 2003 CoF guidelines Large-scale forest tenure institutions (1000-7500 ha; 60,000-225,000 households) Partnership between government and communities across many village development committees (max 40) Three-tiered governance system (gp, committee, implement) Improve government-managed forests – open access 50% revenue to central treasury, 50% to local government First phase complete; no evaluation carried out; range of problems

11. Collaborative Forests Status of collaborative forests in ER Program Area

12. Collaborative Forests Percentage of total collaborative forest area in ER Program

13. Implications for Jurisdictional REDD+ Community forests has stronger performance on improvement of forest condition, collective welfare, and household livelihoods (80-90%) Direct engagement in governance Large numbers of small CFUGs: transaction costs Collaborative forests: completed pilot phase Numerous areas for improvement: governance, benefits, poverty alleviation, forest improvement (10-20%) Small numbers of large collaborative forests: economies of scale