1. Intergovernmental Relations I. Definitions A. Old style federalism (dual) B. New style federalism (cooperative)

2. Intergovernmental relations C. Creative federalism: joint planning and decisionmaking (LBJ). Focus on Great Society programs D. New federalism (Nixon): return autonomy to states but keep federal funding E. New new federalism (Reagan/Bush): cut federal grants, transferred programs back to states

3. Intergovernmental Relations II. Evolution of Federalism A. Requires the following features: 1. written constitution dividing powers 2. levels of govt. exercising powers over citizens directly 3. constitutional distribution of powers that cannot be changed unilaterally

4. Intergovernmental Relations III. Types/Categories of governments A. Unitary: all important power rests with national government (Japan) B. Confederacy: power rests with ‘sovereign’ state governments (European Union) C. Federation: national govt. shares power with states (U.S., Germany)

5. Intergovernmental Relations IV. Analogies of Federalism A. Layer Cake model B. Marble cake model/cooperative C. Picket fence model

6. Federalism and IGR V. Grants-in-Aid (Fiscal Federalism) A. Purposes Behind Grants: fiscal mismatch B. Categorical grants 1. matching provisions 2. discretion given to federal govt. 3. different types: formula and project

7. Federalism and IGR C. Block grants 1. few guidelines 2. discretion to states D. General Revenue sharing (GRS) 1. almost no guidelines 2. eventually eliminated due to abuse

8. Federalism and IGR VI. The Development of National Supremacy A. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) 1. background 2. legal issues 3. Court ruling