1. SURFACE PRODUCTION OPERATIONS - INTRODUCTION TO SURFACE PROCESSING2 min - THERMODYNAMIC PHASE EQUILIBRIUM5 min - UNIT OPERATIONS8 min - FLOW OPTIMISATION5 min 20 min G.S.RAVI SHANKAR UPES

2. INTRODUCTION TO SURFACE PROCESSING 2 MINUTES

3. Topside crude processing

4. Upstream processing

5. THERMODYNAMIC PHASE EQUILIBRIUM 5 MINUTES

6. Reservoir Classification & Phase Behavior Oil Reservoir Gas Reservoir ClassificationAA’BB’CC’DD’EE’ Reservoir typeUnder saturated Black oil Saturated Black oil Retrogade Gas condensate Wet gasDry gas GOR200 - 7002000 – 32008,000 – 70,00060,000 – 100,000 > 100,000 Bo< 1.2< 2--- API15 - 4045 - 55506065 Liquid Vol. Vs Pressure Negligible Oil + Gas + Water Gas + Water Crude colorDarkBrownGreeni sh OrangeWater White Liquid Invisible Gas

7. P-V-T Phase Behavior Pure component Hydrocarbon Mixture

8. Adiabatic Flash Equilibrium Vapor - Liquid Vapor – Oil - Water

9. Algorithm for calculating Mole fractions for Gas – Oil - Water

10. PROPERTIES & FLOW RATES PROPERTIESFLOWRATES DENSITYOIL STREAM VISCOSITYGAS STREAM THERMAL CONDUCTIVITYWATER STREAM

11. UNIT OPERATIONS 8 MINUTES Separators Pipelines Pumps Valves Heat Exchangers Process controls

12. Separators

13. Design considerations

14. Design Inputs

15. Algorithm for Separation design using DSM Droplet Settling Method

16. Results

17. Process piping & pumping Valves Heat exchangers

18. Unit Operations

19. Process piping and pumping

20. Liquid Pipeline Design

21. Gas Pipeline Design

22. Pump Design

23. Valve Design

24. Heat Exchanger Design

26. FLOW ASSURANCE  Ensure pumps run at Best efficiency point (BEP)

27.  Flow Modeleling while ensuring proper Flow characteristics for Piping components like Pumps, valves, flowmeters etc.  Type of flow in wells FLOW ASSURANCE

28.  Valve selection for specific purpose  FO, FC  Initial Half open  Additional flow accommodation for tuning valve +/- 10% to catch slugging

29. Other Major Considerations For Topside Design  TO MEET CUSTOMER DEMANDS FOR GAS & OIL COMPOSITION (Thermodynamic PVT adjustments)  REDUCE F-F MINIMUM PIPING LENGTHS (Installing efficient Instruments that require least Upstream & Downstream piping lengths)

30. References Separator – Ken Arnold & Maurice Stewart, Surface production operations Vol I, ISBN: 0-88415-821-7