1. Rise of Dictators Chapter 17 Section 1

2. POSTWAR WWI EUROPE 1919-1929: Turmoil POLITICAL newly created nations
shaky German republic
ECONOMIC
Inflation
destruction of cities
massive national debts
SOCIAL
Discontent
Disillusionment
Entire generation of men lost

3. TURN TO . . .
DICTATORSHIP: Autocracy with one ruler in charge (power by force)
Authoritarian – only political control over the government
Totalitarian – complete control over all aspects of the nation and the lives of the people (ESP)
Hitler & Mussolini gained power legally –
citizens allowed them to become totalitarian
WHY?

4. Types of Totalitarianism
FASCISM:
1. State more important than people
2. Market economy with govt. control
3. Charismatic Leadership
4. Extreme Nationalism
5. Extreme Militarism
6. Charismatic Leadership
7. Pomp and Circumstance
8. Propaganda and Censorship

5. Types of Totalitarianism
NAZISM:
All elements of Fascism
Adding in racial & ethnic superiority

6. TOTALITARIAN SYMBOLS FASCES Chosen by Italy’s Mussolini
Bundle of rods bound around an ax
Ancient Roman symbol of authority
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7. TOTALITARIAN SYMBOLS SWASTIKA Chosen by Germany’s Hitler
Ancient Aryan symbol of the sun
Aryans - ancient Indo-Europeans
Means to “create well-being”

8. M U S O L I N H I T L E R
The AXIS Leaders

9. AXIS Leaders Adolph Hitler Benito Mussolini 1933-1945 Germany
Revenge for Treaty of Versailles
Lebensraum
Purify Aryan Race
Restore Germany to glory of Holy Roman Empire & Bismarck (1st & 2nd Reichs)
Stabilize economy during the Great Depression
Benito Mussolini
Italy
Shortchanged by Treaty of Versailles
Deal with the inefficiency of Italian government
Restore Italy to greatness of Roman Empire
Search for colonies

10. OTHER TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTS
Spanish Civil War
( )
Francisco Franco
Fascist nationalists
backed by GER/IT
Democratic republicans were backed by Russia
1M Spaniards died

11. OTHER TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTS
Josef Stalin
Took over USSR
Totalitarian and Communist
Hated Fascists although very much like them
Will join Allies