1. The rise of Fascism coincided with the collapse of governments & economies. Fascism emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader

2. They promised to restore the economy, punish those responsible, and restore national pride (a throwback to nationalism), and stop communism

3. Appealed to those who were still angry with the peace treaties from WWI

4. Their core supporters would be unemployed veterans and violent youths

5. The Caption says, “One People, One Country, Our (or One Leader”

7. Benito Mussolini Italy was experiencing rising inflation & unemployment after WWI. There was fear of a communist revolution The government appeared to be helpless, so the people looked to a strong leader to right their country

8. Mussolini, a newspaper editor promised to rescue Italy by improving the economy & rebuilding the armed forces He used references to the glory of Rome to get people on his side Their slogan was, “Il Duce (the leader) is always right”

9. His support started slowly, but increased as conditions in Italy got worse. His support started slowly, but increased as conditions in Italy got worse. In 1922 he and 30,000 fascist followers wearing black shirts marched on Rome and demanded that King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge of the government. In 1922 he and 30,000 fascist followers wearing black shirts marched on Rome and demanded that King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge of the government. ”

10. Trying to protect his dynasty, he agreed. Luckily. Mussolini thought he had gone too far and was ready to flee the country! Historians point to the fact that the one good thing Mussolini did was he got the trains to run on time One diplomat described him as “an actor, a dangerous rascal, and possibly slightly off his head

14. Tried his hand as an artist (failed) Volunteered for the army – fought in WWI, gassed / twice awarded the Iron Cross, a medal for bravery

16. His favorite style – landscapes (and dogs!)

17. Can you pick out which one is Hitler?

18. Hitler

19. After the war, Hitler joined a right-wing political group called the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NAZI in German) They adopted the swastika, or hooked cross, as their symbol (which is actually a Sanskrit symbol (Indian) meaning well being. This is a lso to their misguided belief of a connection to their ancient ancestors, the Aryans. They created a private militia called the brownshirts (because of the color of the shirt they wore – How cleaver!)

20. Hitler’s group tried to seize power in the city of Munich in 1923 but failed.

21. Sentenced to prison for 5 years (he only served 9 months) he wrote the book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

22. The book described what his goals for Germany were and the process to get there. He also said the Treaty of Versailles was an outrage and vowed to regain the lands taken from Germany.

23. He said the Germans were the master race, and the sub humans were the Jews, Slavs, and Gypsies

24. He said Germany was overcrowded and needed Lebensraum, or living space. They could get this by conquering Europe & Russia.

25. Germany’s economy was in bad shape and Germans were turning to Hitler’s message. In 1933, the Nazi party got the President to name Hitler chancellor, saying only he could stand up to the Communist Party.

26. Hitler called for a new election once in power. The parliament building was destroyed by fire and the Communists were blamed (historians believe it was the Nazis) The Nazis and their allies won a slim victory due to fear of the Communists.

27. Hitler 1 st got dictatorial power for 4 years He then banned all political parties He banned strikes and unions The government took control of business & labor and put millions to work constructing factories, highways, weapons, and military. Unemployment dropped 75%

28. He created the SS, or protection squad, loyal only to him In 1934, the SS arrested & murdered hundreds of Hitler’s enemies

29. He created a secret police called the Gestapo.

30. The Nazis controlled the press, radio, literature, painting and used them as propaganda tools. The head of this department was Joseph Goebbels. The German people were willing to give up some of their liberties for economic improvement

31. 1933 Many books were banned, churches weren’t allowed to criticize

32. Children were recruited into the Hitler Youth groups – they were indoctrinated with Nazi propaganda

33. Germany was actually chosen to host the 1936 Olympics. Hitler hoped to show the world that Germany was the master race The “racially inferior “African- American Jesse Owens, won 4 gold medals. Hitler refused to put the medal around his neck nor shake hands

34. Owens won gold in the 100, 200, 4x100, and the Long Jump

35. Kristallnacht Kristallnacht, (Night of the Broken Glass) occurred Nov 9, 1938. Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their homes and on the streets and destroyed thousands of Jewish-owned buildings This signaled the beginning of the elimination of Jews from Germany

36. On the right is a tax bill to a Jewish business that was forced to pay for the clean up of the city after Kristallnacht

39. Sino-Japanese War 1937-45 Again this was instigated by Japanese army officers Although they had a large army, the Chinese were no match for the Japanese One of the most violent chapters was the Nanking Massacre, AKA The Rape of Nanking

41. Estimates are between 2-300,000 deaths committed by the Japanese. 20,000 rapes were committed. 150,000 bodies were exhumed so the numbers are not exaggerated. Most of those had their hands tied behind their backs

42. This is a newspaper clipping. It says they were competing to see who could kill 100 people first. The headline shows the score and says “Incredible Record – they go into extra innings!”