1. Low Melting Points Low Boiling Points At high Temperatures they Decompose = “CRACK” Most are not water soluble….. Some have large Numbers of atoms

2.  95% of all compounds are defined as “Organic”  There are roughly one million known compounds  For a large part all contain Carbon and Hydrogen  Carbon Atom Characteristics  Valence = +/- 4  Bonding Bonding  Covalent  Paraffins (Also known as Alkanes or Saturated Hydrocarbons. No Double bonds between any Carbons Compound Formula = C n H 2n+2 Want to Practice? Paraffins (Also known as Alkanes or Saturated Hydrocarbons Want to Practice?  Olefins (Also known as Alkenes, Alkynes or Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Rarely occur in nature. Contain Double or triple bonds. Not as strong as Alkanes. Olefins (Also known as Alkenes, Alkynes or Unsaturated hydrocarbons.  Naming of Compounds Naming of Compounds

3.  Isomerism (Isomers)  Organic Molecules that have the same formulas but a differing arrangement of the atoms involved. So……even though they have the same formula ….they have different properties Whether the compounds are Saturated or Unsaturated they are called “Aliphatic Compounds” because they are either straight or branched Hydrocarbons. Isomers of Butane Animation of Isomerism

4.  Cyclic Hydro Carbon Groups – two fewer hydrogens. “Cyclo…..ane” = no Double or Triple bonds. “Napthenes”  Aromatics- lack one hydrogen on each Carbon atom. Promotes double bond every other Carbon in the ring. Symetric so…no isomers  Benzene = main building block for petro industry Benzene  “Aromatic” because of the sickening Sweet smell of these compounds. Toulene and Xylene

5.  Ring with one carbon substituted by another element. Very popular in Petrochemicals  Ethylene Oxide Ethylene Oxide  Caprolactam Caprolactam  Oxygenated Compounds  Alcohols -OH Group attached Alcohols  Ketones Ketones  Aldehydes Aldehydes  Acids Acids  Ethers Ethers  Anhydrides Anhydrides

6.  Combustion Combustion  Substitution Substitution