1. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof A Micro Sensor System for Smart Regulation of Indoor Climate

2. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof A micro sensor system for smart regulation of indoor climate Introduction State of the art air conditioning Project “EcoSens” Thermal comfort Novel principle of intelligent climate control Project “Solar Diode Window” Data acquisition at “La Pradera”, Havana (Cuba) Conclusion

3. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof State of the art air conditioning Electrics Macrosensor Fan Compressor Air conditioner Air temperature Client‘s request Air temperature (T =18...24°C) Fan speed (low,medium,high)

4. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Cooling compressor Fan State of the art air conditioning Compressor and fan states low high medium coldcoolslightly cool 600 W2000 W1300 W 75 W 100 W 50 W usual working point Air temperature Air velocity

5. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof State of the art air conditioning Operation principle Client defines both temperature and fan speed Temperature controlled compressor Uncontrolled fan speed Technology  Bimetal temperature switch  Easy electrical circuitry Working condition -Mainly out of comfortability limit -Unhealthy climate, deseases (cold, stiff neck) -Noneconomical

6. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort ISO 7730: „The condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment“

7. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort Regulation of body temperature Heat sensor (Hypothalamus) Slow response at T  37 °C Vasodilation of blood vessels Increased blood flow to skin => Sweating Sweat evaporative energy from skin => Cooling Cold sensor (skin) Fast response at T  34 °C Vasoconstriction of blood vessels Reduced blood flow to skin Stimulation of muscles => Shivering => Increase in internal heat production

8. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort Negative influences Local thermal discomfortDraft Large vertical temperture difference Uncomfortable floor temperature Local convective coolingAsymmetric radiation

9. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort Energy balance Heat produced in body = Heat lost from body M – W = H + S + R Heat production Metabolism (M):chemical energy and mechanical work by (an)aerobic activities in body (muscle activity typ. 100 W, when sitting relaxed) External Work (W):effecticve mechanical power Heat loss Dry heat loss from body surface (H): by radiation, conduction and convection Heat exchange from skin (S): by evaporation Heat exchange by respiration (R): by evaporation and convection

10. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort Physical Parameters

11. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Temperature and humidity transducer Macrosensor ROTRONIC HTO-45WHygroClip Air temperature: +5...+50 °C-40...+85 °C Relative humidity:10...95 %0...100 % 100 mm 67 mm

12. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Air velocity transducer Macrosensor DANTEC 54T21 Air velocity: 0.05...1 m/s Air temperature: 0...45 °C Frequency: 2 Hz 90 mm 460 mm

13. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Grading -3-2-10+1+2+3 cold...cool...slightly cool...comfortable... slightly warm...warm...hot Parameters Air Temperature Relative Humidity Air velocity Radiation Metabolism External Work Clothing Insulation Thermal comfort Predicted Mean Vote hot +0.5 -0.5 cold PMV Parameters

14. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort Qualification PMV = predicted mean vote = individual impression of thermal comfort PDD = predicted percentage of dissatisfaction = fraction of people dissatisfied with the climate

15. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort Effect of individual climate impression

16. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort Turbulence effect

17. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort Field of operation

18. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort Humidity effect

19. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Smart control of indoor climate Electronics Microsensor Fan Compressor Air conditioner Air velocity Relative humidity Air temperature Client‘s request impression of climate (slight cool...slight warm) (PMV = -1...+1)

20. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Thermal comfort ISO 7730 Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) -0.5...+0.5 Air temperature16...28 °C Relative humidity25...65 % Air velocity 0...0.5 m/s Turbulence 0...60% Draft rate< 15 % at neck and ankle Floor surface temperature19...29 °C Radiant temperature 15...35 °C Vertical air temperature difference< 3 °C from ankle to head Radiant temperature asymmetry< 10 °C from cold windows < 5 °C from warm ceiling

21. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Cooling compressor Fan Smart control of indoor climate Compressor and fan states low high medium coldcoolslightly cool 600 W2000 W1300 W 75 W 100 W 50 W usual working point Air temperature Air velocity

22. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Cooling compressor Fan Smart control of indoor climate Client’s request low high medium coldcoolslightly cool 600 W2000 W1300 W 75 W 100 W 50 W usual working point PMV Air temperature Air velocity

23. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Cooling compressor Fan Smart control of indoor climate Detection of actual turbulence low high medium coldcoolslightly cool 600 W2000 W1300 W 75 W 100 W 50 W usual working point Turbulence PMV Air temperature Air velocity

24. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Cooling compressor Fan Smart control of indoor climate Detection of actual humidity low high medium coldcoolslightly cool 600 W2000 W1300 W 75 W 100 W 50 W usual working point Turbulence PMV Air temperature Air velocity Relative humidity

25. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Smart control of indoor climate Energy saving and working point Cooling compressor Fan low high medium coldcoolslightly cool 600 W2000 W1300 W 75 W 100 W 50 W Energy saving usual working point optimum working point Turbulence PMV Air temperature Air velocity Relative humidity

26. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Cooling compressor Fan Smart control of indoor climate Set of compressor state and fan speed low high medium coldcoolslightly cool 600 W2000 W1300 W 75 W 100 W 50 W optimum working point Turbulence PMV Air temperature Air velocity Relative humidity

27. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Smart regulation of thermal comfort Principle Client’s request of climate cool...warm (PMV = -1...+1) Detection of relative humidity definition of v(T) - working field Detection of air velocity (calculation of turbulence) definition of working point (energy saving aspect) maximum temperature in working field definition of related air velocity  regulation of air velocity by continous adoption of fan speed Detection of air temperature  regulation of air temperature by changing on/off duty cycle of compressor

28. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Economical benefits Electrical power consumption Cooling compressor:2000 W Ventilation fan:100 W Measurement in „La Pradera“ (Havana, Cuba) Replacement of air cooling by air ventilation  Energy saving  Reduction in oil combustion  Environmental protection

29. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Air velocity sensor Principle R (  T(Air velocity)) heated Air flow

30. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Humidity microsensor Principle R (Air temperature) C (Relative humidity) Water vapour

31. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Micro climate sensor Prototype chip 5mm 25 mm relative humidity air velocity air temperature

32. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof International Health Center „La Pradera“(Havana, Cuba)

33. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Sensors installed at „La Pradera“ (Havana, Cuba) power meters temperature and humidity sensors

34. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Data acquisition at „La Pradera“

35. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Solar Diode Window at „La Pradera“ (Havana, Cuba)

36. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Solar Diode Window Passive Double Panes Low heat conductivity->Low heating High heat reflection->Deflection of solar heat Low energy transmssion->Moderate lightening without extra lamps „Energy saving by minimizing heat transfer“

37. University of Applied Sciences Cologne Institute of Applied Optics and Electronics Faculty of Information, Media and Electrical Engineering Microsystems and Thin FilmTechnology Prof. Dr. Karl Kohlhof Conclusion Projects for energy saving Active technology: Micro sensor system„Ventilation instead of cooling“ Passive technology: Solar diode window:„Prevention of heat transfer“ Applied mathematics: Energy management:„Intelligent distribution of energy generation and consumption“