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PARAMETRIC X-RAYS: READY FOR APPLICATION IX Gomel School - July 2007 Alexander LOBKO Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarus State University Minsk
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2 Light sources http://www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid=1000166 nano- science
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3 Spectral brilliance of T- & x-ray sources There is a large gap between properties of common and accelerator-based x-ray sources X-rays: The First Hundred Years // Wiley 1996
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4 Typical size of a contemporary synchrotron
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5 Budget of the SOLEIL synchrotron (France) Construction Investment…………….235 M€ Operation………………..64 M€ Salaries………………….150 M€ Total………………………….449 M€ Yearly………………………...53 M€ www.synchrotron-soleil.fr
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6 Synchrotron sources in the world About 40 sources in 20 countries USA8 Germany5 Japan5 China3 France3 UK2 Russia1 http://www-als.lbl.gov/als/synchrotron_sources.html
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7 Comparison of some x-ray generation processes at accelerators Type of radiationYield, photon/e Е, MeV BR1.2*(-8)500 CBR1.7*(-7)0.20.2 SR1.2*(-5)3 *(+3) TR1.0*(-9)125 RR1.6*(-7)50 PXR1.3*(-5)50 V.G. Baryshevsky, I.D. Feranchuk // NIM 228 (1985) 490
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8 Parametric x-rays (PXR) V. Baryshevsky, I. Feranchuk, A. Ulyanenkov Parametric X–ray Radiation in Crystals: Theory, Experiment and Applications // Springer, 2006. – 176 p. Condition for the Cherenkov radiation emission
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9 PXR experiments in the World Armenia – Erevan ErPI LINAC Belarus – INP in collaborations with Tomsk & IHEP Protvino & Mainz, own experiments with non- relativistic electrons Canada – Saskatchevan Accelerator Lab LINAC Germany – Darmstadt S_DALINAC, Mainz MAMI Microtron, Rossendorf ELBE LINAC Japan – Tokyo U. Synchrotron, Tohoku U. LINAC, Hiroshima U. LINAC, Kamigori Spring-8 Synchrotron, Kyoto U. LINAC, Hokkaido U. LINAC, Nihon U. LINAC Russia – Tomsk SIRIUS Synchrotron, Dubna JINR Nuclotron, Belgorod U. in collaborations Ukraine – Kharkov KPTI LINACs USA – RPI LINAC, BNL Accelerator Facility LINAC, Naval Postgraduate School LINAC
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10 Main PXR features it is quasi-monochromatic x-ray radiation x-rays energy can be changed continuously by the crystal target rotation it is directed and polarized x-ray radiation x-rays energy does not depend on energy of incident charged particles radiation angle can be as large as 180 arc degrees
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11 Applications of synchrotron radiation
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12 Soft X-Ray Imaging Methods: Soft x-ray imaging, photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM), scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM), full-field microscopy, x-ray diffraction imaging (XDI), x-ray tomography, computer-aided tomography (CAT). Problems: Cell biology Nano-magnetism Environmental science Soft matter, polymers The tunability of radiation is absolutely essential for the creation of contrast mechanisms.
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13 Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy Methods: Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, soft x- ray emission spectroscopy (SXES), resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), x-ray photo-emission spectroscopy (XPS), Auger spectroscopy. Problems: Complex materials Magnetic materials Environmental science Catalysis The photon energy tunability and its brilliance and polarisation for some applications are essential.
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14 Soft X-Ray Scattering Methods: Soft x-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES), inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS), resonant x-ray inelastic scattering (RIXS), speckle patterns, small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Problems: Strongly correlated materials Magnetic materials Environmental science Catalysis The tunability of radiation and its brilliance for some applications are essential.
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15 Practical examples of PXR applications Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY, USA Nihon University, Japan EXAFS enhanced contrast images
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16 PXR source based on the tabletop synchrotron Photon Production Laboratory Japan
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17 First observation of parametric rays in the microwave range exiting (slow-wave) grating step – 0,67 мм diffraction (feedback) grating step – 3 мм NIM A 483 (2002) 21–23; NIM A 507 (2003) 137–140
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18 Possible T-rays applications http://www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid=1000680
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19 Thank you for attention
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