1. Infrared Spectroscopy Department of Natural Sciences UM-Dearborn Written by Bette Kreuz Produced by Ruth Dusenbery 2000

2. Info Slide 1 n Infrared spectroscopy is an instrumental method of analysis that can be used to identify and quantify samples ranging from pharmaceuticals to diesel emissions.

3. Slide 1 Introduction

4. Info Slide 2 n All modern instruments are Fourier Transform instruments. n In all transmission experiments radiation from a source is directed through the sample to a detector.

5. Slide 2 SampleCompartment IR Source Detector

6. Info Slide 3 n The measurement of the type and amount of light transmitted by the sample gives information about the structure of the molecules comprising the sample.

7. Slide 3 InfraredSource Detector SampleCompartment

8. Info Slide 4 n In the IR region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the absorption of radiation by a sample is due to changes in the vibrational energy states of a molecule.

9. Slide 4

10. Info Slide 5 n The pattern of absorption as a function of wavelength is called an IR spectrum.

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12. Info Slide 6 n To obtain an IR spectrum, the sample must be placed in a “container” or cell that is transparent in the IR region of the spectrum. n Sodium chloride or salt plates are a common means of placing the sample in the light beam of the instrument.

13. Slide 6 IR transparent Salt Plates

14. Info Slide 7 n These plates are made of salt and must be stored in a water free environment such as the dessicator shown here.

15. Slide 7 DessicatorWater-freeEnvironmentforWater-sensitive Salt Plates.

16. Info Slide 8 n The plates must also be handled with gloves to avoid contact of the plate with moisture from one’s hands.

17. Slide 8

18. Info Slide 9 n To run an IR spectrum of a liquid sample, a drop or two of the liquid sample is applied to a salt plate.

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20. Info Slide 10 n A second salt plate is placed on top of the first one such that the liquid forms a thin film “sandwiched” between the two plates.

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22. Info Slide 11 n The two plates are then secured in a sample holder that is compatible with the particular instrument being used.

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24. n The cell holder is then placed in the beam of the instrument. Info Slide 12

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26. n The light beam traverses the sample compartment, as illustrated by the red line. Info Slide 13

27. Slide 13 Light Path (shown by red line)

28. Info Side 14 n The sample is then scanned by the instrument utilizing predesignated parameters. n A relevant background scan should already have been taken.

29. Slide 14 Click Here to Start Scan

30. Info Slide 15 n A satisfactory spectrum has well defined peaks-but not so intense as to cause flattening on the bottom of the peaks. n Major peaks can be labeled using the peak function of the software using the peak function of the software

31. Slide 15 Well-defined peaks are labeled with the Wavenumbers of the Absorption Maxima.

32. Info Slide 16 n The spectrum can then be printed using the print function of the software.

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34. Info Slide 17 n A sample of a printout of an IR spectrum.

35. Slide 17 Sample of a printout of an IR spectrum.

36. Info Slide 18 n The salt plates are cleaned by rinsing into a waste container with a suitable organic solvent-commonly cyclohexane. n NEVER WATER!

37. Slide 18 CYCLOHEXANESolvent

38. Info Slide 19 n Cloudy plates must be polished to return them to a transparent condition. n To polish cloudy windows, rotate salt plate on polishing cloth.

39. Slide 19

40. Info Slide 20 n The clean plates and cell holder are stored in the moisture free atmosphere of a dessicator.

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