1. LecturePLUS1 Chapter 8 Solutions Solubility Percent Concentration Colloids and Suspensions

2. LecturePLUS2 Solubility The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a specific amount of solvent usually 100 g. g of solute 100 g water

3. LecturePLUS3 Saturated and Unsaturated A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve. Undissolved solute remains. An unsaturated solution does not contain all the solute that could dissolve

4. LecturePLUS4 Learning Check S1 At 40  C, the solubility of KBr is 80 g/100 g H 2 O. Indicate if the following solutions are (1) saturated or (2) unsaturated A. ___60 g KBr in 100 g of water at 40  C B. ___200 g KBr in 200 g of water at 40  C C. ___25 KBr in 50 g of water at 40  C

5. LecturePLUS5 Solution S1 At 40  C, the solubility of KBr is 80 g/100 g H 2 O. Indicate if the following solutions are (1) saturated or (2) unsaturated A. 2 Less than 80 g/100 g H 2 O B. 1 Same as 100 g KBr in 100 g of water at 40  C, which is greater than its solubility C. 2 Same as 60 g KBr in 100 g of water, which is less than its solubility

6. LecturePLUS6 Temperature and Solubility of Solids TemperatureSolubility (g/100 g H 2 O) KCl(s)NaNO 3 (s) 0°27.6 74 20°C34.0 88 50°C42.6114 100°C 57.6182 The solubility of most solids (decreases or increases ) with an increase in the temperature.

7. LecturePLUS7 Temperature and Solubility of Solids TemperatureSolubility (g/100 g H 2 O) KCl(s)NaNO 3 (s) 0°27.6 74 20°C34.0 88 50°C42.6114 100°C 57.6182 The solubility of most solids increases with an increase in the temperature.

8. LecturePLUS8 Temperature and Solubility of Gases TemperatureSolubility(g/100 g H 2 O) CO 2 (g)O 2 (g) 0°C0.340.0070 20°C0.170.0043 50°C0.0760.0026 The solubility of gases (decreases or increases) with an increase in temperature.

9. LecturePLUS9 Temperature and Solubility of Gases TemperatureSolubility(g/100 g H 2 O) CO 2 (g)O 2 (g) 0°C0.340.0070 20°C0.170.0043 50°C0.0760.0026 The solubility of gases decreases with an increase in temperature.

10. LecturePLUS10 Learning Check S2 A. Why would a bottle of carbonated drink possibly burst (explode) when it is left out in the hot sun ? B. Why would fish die in water that gets too warm?

11. LecturePLUS11 Solution S2 A. Gas in the bottle builds up as the gas becomes less soluble in water at high temperatures, which may cause the bottle to explode. B. Because O 2 gas is less soluble in warm water, the fish may not obtain the needed amount of O 2 for their survival.

12. LecturePLUS12 Soluble and Insoluble Salts A soluble salt is an ionic compound that dissolves in water. An insoluble salt is an ionic compound that does not dissolve in water

13. LecturePLUS13 Solubility Rules 1. A salt is soluble in water if it contains any one of the following ions: NH 4 + Li + Na + K + orNO 3 - Examples: soluble salts LiCl Na 2 SO 4 KBr Ca(NO 3 ) 2

14. LecturePLUS14 Cl - Salts 2. Salts with Cl - are soluble, but not if the positive ion is Ag +, Pb 2+, or Hg 2 2+. Examples: solublenot soluble(will not dissolve) MgCl 2 AgCl PbCl 2

15. LecturePLUS15 SO 4 2- Salts 3. Salts with SO 4 2- are soluble, but not if the positive ion is Ba 2+, Pb 2+, Hg 2+ or Ca 2+. Examples: solublenot soluble MgSO 4 BaSO 4 PbSO 4

16. LecturePLUS16 Other Salts 4. Most salts containing CO 3 2-, PO 4 3-, S 2- and OH - are not soluble. Examples: solublenot soluble Na 2 CO 3 CaCO 3 K 2 SCuS

17. LecturePLUS17 Learning Check S3 Indicate if each salt is (1)soluble or (2)not soluble: A. ______ Na 2 SO 4 B. ______ MgCO 3 C. ______ PbCl 2 D. ______ MgCl 2

18. LecturePLUS18 Solution S3 Indicate if each salt is (1) soluble or (2) not soluble: A. _1_ Na 2 SO 4 B. _2_ MgCO 3 C. _2_ PbCl 2 D. _1_ MgCl 2