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Published byGervais Lloyd Modified over 9 years ago
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Salts L.O. State that a salt is produced when the H + ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or NH 4 + Describe the reactions of an acid with carbonates, bases and alkalis to form a salt. Understand that a base readily accepts H + ions from an acid
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Salts Definition: A salt is any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H + ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion. Cation is a positively charge ion Anion is a negatively charged ion
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Examples Sulfuric acid sulfate salts H 2 SO 4 K 2 SO 4 Hydrochloric acid chloride salts HCl NaCl Nitric acid nitrate salts HNO 3 Ca(NO 3 ) 2
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Acid Salts Sulfuric acid has two replaceable H + ions and is called a diprotic acid If one H + ion is replaced, an acid salt is formed e.g. H 2 SO 4 NaHSO 4 The acid salt itself can behave like an aicd, because the other H + ion can be replaced to form a conventional salt e.g. NaHSO 4 Na 2 SO 4
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Formation of salts These are also know as neutralisation reactions The salts are produced by neutralising acids
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Acid + Carbonate General Equation: acid + carbonate salt + carbon dioxide + water Example: 2HCl(aq) + CaCO 3 (s) CaCl 2 (aq) + H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g) 2H + (aq) + CaCO 3 (s) Ca 2+ (aq) + H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g)
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Acid + Base General Equation: acid + base salt + water Example: 2HCl(aq) + CaO(s) CaCl 2 (aq) + H 2 O(l) 2H + (aq) + CaO (s) Ca 2+ (aq) + H 2 O(l)
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Acid + Alkalis General Equation: acid + alkali salt + water Example: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) H + (aq) + OH - (s) H 2 O(l)
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Ammonium salts + fertilisers Ammonium salts are used as artifical fertilisers They are formed when acids are neutralised by aqeous ammonia NH 3 (aq) + HNO 3 (aq) NH 4 NO 3 (aq) Ammonium salts contain the ammonium ion, NH 4 +, in place of the metal ions found in most common salts Ammonium nitrate is present in solutions as two ions, NH 4 + (aq) and NO 3 - (aq).
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Finding the % of ammonia
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