1. To Be or Not To Be a Mineral? Copy the list below on a sheet of paper and write either Yes or No next to each substance below you think is or is not a mineral. Diamond Wood Quartz Plastic Water Sulfur Coal Gold Concrete Talc Glass Salt Iron Steel

2. 5 Things That Must Be True for a Substance to be a Mineral 1.Naturally Occurring (NOT manmade) 2.Inorganic (not made from living things 3.Solid 4.Definite Chemical Composition 5.Crystalline Pattern

3. To Be or Not To Be a Mineral? Make any corrections necessary after now knowing the definition of a mineral. Diamond Wood Quartz Plastic Water Sulfur Coal Gold Concrete Talc Glass Salt Iron Steel True False True False True False True False True False True False

4. Element vs. Mixture vs. Compound Element: cannot be broken down chemically (made of only one kind of atom) –Examples: gold, silica, hydrogen Mixture: can be broken apart physically –Examples: air, ocean water Compound: can be broken down chemically –Examples: water (H 2 O), table sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 ), table salt (NaCl)

5. How Minerals Form 1. Cooling of magma 2. Evaporation (ex: salt) 3. Precipitation (ex: calcite) 4. Existing minerals changed by heat or pressure

6. Rock-Forming Minerals: the most common minerals that make up most of the rocks in the crust Quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite are common

7. Mineral “Family” Mineral “families” based on chemical composition (what they are made out of)

8. 1. Silicates: Contain silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) silicate is the most common mineral family quartz, feldspar, mica, olivine are examples

9. 2. Carbonates: Carbonate ion (CO3) combines with metal ions calcite (CaCO3) calcium carbonate dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate only carbonates fizz in acid

10. 3. Oxides: Oxygen plus any element other than silicon hematite (FeO2)and magnetite (Fe2O3) are iron oxides oxides are important sources of iron ore

11. 4. Sulfides Metal element combined with sulfur pyrite (FeS2) is “fool’s gold,” an iron sulfide

12. 5. Native Elements Elements uncombined Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), etc.