3. भवकोडी संचिंयं कम्मं तवसा निज्जरिज्जइ - -- उत्तराध्ययन सूत्र तापयति अष्टप्रकारं कर्म इति तपः – -- आवश्यक सूत्र टीका तवेण वोहाणं जणयइ -- उत्तराध्ययन सूत्र

4. Antraya KarmaObstructs good things Vedniya KarmaGives unpleasant things Mohniya? Two things we can not avoid

5. Enduring Hardship Suffering Hardship Which one is Austerity?

6. Neither Why?

7. Enduring Hardship Suffering Hardship To stay unperturbed and stay in equanimity in both is Tapa

8. Penance---Atonement Latin Poenitentia, the same root as penitence, atonement English Repentance, the desire to be forgiven An act of religious devotion performed to show sorrow for having committed a sin. Penance applies to the whole activity from confession to forgiveness. Forgiveness is the mental and/or spiritual process of ceasing to feel resentment or anger against another person for a perceived offence, difference, or mistake, or ceasing to demand punishment or restitution.

9. Panchächär (Five Codes of Conduct) Jnänächär (Code of Acquiring Right Knowledge) Darshanächär (Code of Gaining Right Faith) Chäriträchär (Code of Acquiring Right Conduct) Tapächär (Code of Austerities) Viryächär (Code of Exercising Vigor or Energy)

11. Tapa (Austerity) Practicing Meditation Controlling Sense-Organs, Purifying Mind, Turning Inward Attaining Spiritual Peace Reflecting On Good Thoughts Acquiring And Imparting Knowledge And Learning To Get Completely Engrossed In A Noble Task Is Austerity. Rendering Service To Others Is Austerity. To Do The Allotted Work Honestly Is Austerity.

12. NirjaraPartial Dissociation of Karma Spiritual PositiveTo Know our soul and to stay closer to soul NegativeTo curtail all desires Sakam VoluntarySpiritual Effort Akam InvoluntaryNo effort Practical ExternalBahya Tapa InternalAbhyantar Tapa

13. Nirjarä:Partial Eradication of Karmas Eradication of previously acquired Karma is Nirjarä. Karma continuously exhaust itself by producing its result Destroying past karma before it produces its result is true Nirjarä. It is voluntarily enduring hardships with equanimity An austerity undertaken without any desire of fruit pacifies agony, destroys sin, makes the inner self blissful, and helps conquer insurmountable delusion. They should be observed while staying unperturbed and without any other motive than to exhaust past karma.

14. The whole purpose of austerities is not just to simply make the body suffer, but to change our desires.

15. 7. Practicing Austerities Fasting Semi-Fasting Limiting the Variety Giving up Delicacies Lonely Habitation Mortification of Body Penance Reverence Service Scriptural Study Renunciation Meditation Internal External

16. External Austerities (Bähya Tapa) Self Purification AnashanFasting UnodariEating Less Vruti-SankshepCurtail desires Rasa-TyägGiving Up Tastes To Some Extent Käyä-KleshaPhysical Forbearance SanlinatäContraction Controlling Senses

17. Benefits of External Austerity Renunciation of worldly relationship Lightness of body Control and conquer desires of senses Self restraints Purification of food and strengthening of body

18. Observance of austerities is a means, and not the end. The practice of fasting would therefore be helpful in staying unperturbed and in retaining peace of mind under such adverse circumstances. Fasting from what?

19. Anashan Bhäva Anashan by exercising total control of inner desires Upaväs means staying close to the soul. Unoariä or Unodari: Eating less (reduce passions) To stay unperturbed even when we do not get enough food. (food for?) To practice more self-restraints (Sanyam) by reducing non-virtuous activities.

20. Unodari of food and controlling passions keeps Jiva healthy and keeps them away from doctor and diseases, but most importantly, it strengthens the spirituality.

21. Vritti-sankshep (Bhikshächäri or Limiting Food Items): Development of willpower Material (Dravya) - To have predetermination of having certain items of food Area (Kshetra) - To take food at a specific location Time (Käl) - To eat at a fix specific time Mode (Bhäva) - To get the food only from a particular individual

22. Rasa Tyäg (Limiting Tasty Food) Renouncing the tasty food Conquering the desire for tasty food Eliminating the attachment for the tasty food, and thus, Enabling to strengthen one’s spiritual capability.

23.  Jain Diet / Food must be conducive to the health and spiritual upliftment  Criteria ƒFood should be obtained by Not hurting Human beings, Animals, Birds, or InsectsNot hurting Human beings, Animals, Birds, or Insects Minimum Violence to Vegetables, Water, Fire, Air, and Earth (Vegetarian Food)Minimum Violence to Vegetables, Water, Fire, Air, and Earth (Vegetarian Food) ƒNo stimulating or tasty food (not conducive to health) ƒEat less than you are hungry for (Health and Spirituality) ƒLimit number of Food Items to eat to control desire Jain Diet - Food Criteria

24. Jain Diet – Food Criteria 1. Violence to Trasa Souls (Movable Souls) –Violence to Sangni Panchendriya Souls (Five Sense + Mind) - Human and Animals –Violence to Asangni – Other Movable Souls 2. Violence to Sthävar Souls (Immovable Souls) –Anant-käya (Vegetables with Infinite Souls) –Pratyek-käya - Vegetables with Innumerable Souls, and Water, Earth, Fire, Air souls 3. Anishta Food (Not proper for the health or spiritual upliftment) 4. Improper (Anupsevya) Food

25. Jain Diet - Food Criteria One should not eat any food that involves violence to Movable beings including the food that can create the violence within 1. Violence to Movable beings (Trasa Souls) Violence to Oneself (Food that Hurts our Spirituality or Health) – Additive substances, Liquor etcViolence to Oneself (Food that Hurts our Spirituality or Health) – Additive substances, Liquor etc Violence to Five Sense Souls - Other Humans and Animals – Meat, Fish, Chicken, Dairy milk etcViolence to Five Sense Souls - Other Humans and Animals – Meat, Fish, Chicken, Dairy milk etc Violence to Two to Four Sense Souls – Birds, Insects, Honey etcViolence to Two to Four Sense Souls – Birds, Insects, Honey etc

26. Jain Diet – Food Criteria  We should define our limit to consume Vegetable food group which involves minimum violence. 2. Violence to Sthävar beings (Immovable Souls) ƒ Categories of Vegetable Souls Vegetables with Infinite Souls (Anant Käya or Sädhäran Vanaspati)  Kandamul or Root Vegetables Pratyek-Kaya (Vegetables with Innumerable Souls)  Udambar Food  Abhakshya Food (Certain Veg Foods – Other foods included in previous chart)  Vegetables other than Root Vegetables

27. Käyä Klesha (Physical Forbearance): Endure physical power to enable and tolerate the bodily inconveniences with equanimity Pratisanlinatä (Controlling of Senses): Restraining the senses from external happiness and diverts their use for spiritual uplift.

28. A/C not working in very hot and humid weather Which karma interplay?

29. Torture Training Transformation

30. Internal AusteritiesAbhyanatar Tapa Self realization PräyashchittaRepentance VinayModesty And Respect VeyävachchamSelfless Service SwädhyäyStudy Of Self (Soul) DhyänaMeditation KäyotsargaRenouncement Of Body For Designated Time

31. Ownership and repentance of sins and shortcoming Reverence and humility Rendering service to other truth seekers Study and reflections to gain righteous knowledge Renouncing the feelings of I and My Spiritual meditation

32. Präyashchitta To make clean sweep of the defects born of negligence arisen in connection with a vow (vrata) that has been accepted. Repentance for the various errors of commission and omission the faults (a moral weakness less serious than a vice) and the sins (an offense against religious or moral law) committed. Präyashchitta helps us to reflect upon ourselves in a way that leads to self-correction. Nindämi, Garihämi, Vosirämi Vinay Modesty, respect, humbleness, submissiveness, kindness, courtesy, humility, civility. To hold in great regard the virtuous qualifications like knowledge. The absence of ego.

33. Vinay Modesty, respect, humbleness, submissiveness, kindness, courtesy, humility, civility. To hold in great regard the virtuous qualifications like knowledge. The absence of ego. Seven types of Vinay (Humility) Knowledge Faith Conduct Mind Speech Body Paying Homage

34. Veyävachcham Selfless Service with devotion to monks, nuns and needy Enhances the unity of the Sangha, strengthens the religious order, helps the needy and stabilizes the aspirant on the right path. Creates an atmosphere of mutual help. Purify the heart.

35. SwädhyäyStudy Of Self (Soul) Inspiration to dive into the innermost recesses of the self. Self-realization Being conscious of one’s own faults and limitations with a view to avoid the same Intellectual growth should commence at birth and cease only at death” ------Albert Einstein

37. Dhyäna (Meditation or Thought Process) Concentration of a thought on a single object Suspension of thought process Perfect stillness of the body and all senses Removing the distraction of mind to cultivate its power of concentration Search for the truth and from absolute detachment towards worldly affairs

38. Vyutsarga (Abandonment of External & Internal aspects) To renounce the feeling of 'I' and 'my' - Dravya Vyutsarga: Abandonment of body (Käyotsarga), Gana Vyutsarga (abandoning the company of other mendicants), Upadhi Vyutsarga (abandoning material objects such as clothes, pots, blanket, bench, medicine etc Bhakta Vyutsarga (abandoning food and drink) Bhäva Vyutsarga: Kashäya Vyutsarga (overcoming the passions) Samsär Vyutsarga (abandoning worldly life) Karma Vyutsarga (eradicating Karma)

39. One should practice austerities in such a manner that they're my not is unwholesome brooding, the powers of mind, speech and body may not dwindle and deteriorate, and organs may not become weak.

40. Integrity "Integrity is one of several paths. It distinguishes itself from the others because it is the right path and the only one upon which you will never get lost." - M.H. McKee Kindness "Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see." - Mark Twain Determination "The great thing in this world is not so much where we are, but in what direction we are moving." - Oliver Wendell Holmes

41. Gratitude "A single grateful thought raised to heaven is the most perfect prayer." - Gotthold Ephraim Lessing Humility "Pride is concerned with who is right. Humility is concerned with what is right." - Ezra Taft Benson Forgiveness "Forgiveness is the answer to the child's dream of a miracle by which what is broken is made whole again, what is soiled is again made clean." - Dag Hammarskjold Peace "We must come to see that peace is not merely a distant goal we seek, but it is a means by which we arrive at that goal. We must pursue peaceful ends through peaceful means." - Martin Luther King, Jr.

42. Art Of Living Living Being Desire Peace Harmony Human beings Experience Agitation Miseries Sharing of our miseries with others

43. Introspection Self-observation and reporting of conscious inner thoughts, desires and sensations. Conscious and purposive process relying on thinking, reasoning, and examining one's soul. Contemplation of one's self. Plato "…why should we not calmly and patiently review our own thoughts, and thoroughly examine and see what these appearances in us really are?"

44. निर्जरा : The art of cleansing It is shedding off, breaking off bindings, attachments It need discipline like a river controlled with banks to protect and guide Things are not holding us, our desires are holding us

45. Seed-thoughts for meditation I want to free myself from limiting habits and reach my heights I want discipline from inner awareness, not from outside compulsion so my energy can flow towards permanent reality

46. Austerities Vs. Hardships List three Hardships have you experienced today ? 1. 2. 3. List three austerities did you do last week ? 1. 2. 3.

47. Austerities Vs. Hardships Hardships: Occur randomly due to Karma Enduring helps in strict observance of vows Austerities: Initiated by soul/oneself to minimize passion Inhibit Karma inflow and wear off Karma

48. Jai Jinendra If I have said anything against the teachings of Jina MICHCHHA MI DUKKADAM