1. Chris Huber-Lantz Gabriel Byrd Weiwei Miao

2.   History of previous court cases  Arguments in Brown v. Board of Education  Impacts of the court’s decision Overview

3.   Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Homer Plessy refused to give up his seat on a train because of his race Established “doctrine of separate but equal” 8-1 decision, upholding laws which segregate on the basis of race History of relevant court decisions

4.   Murray v. Maryland Donald Murray, a black lawyer, prevented from attending University of Maryland School of Law Case argued by Thurgood Marshall Lower court ruled that Murray be admitted Precedent: If a separate, equivalent school is not provided, existing schools must integrate Subsequent cases dealing with educational integration

5.   Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada (1938) Lloyd Gaines, a black law student given the choice (by the state) of either:  Attend a new black-only law school to be created in Missouri  Receive state funding to attend a school out of state Court ruled that these options violated Gaine’s equal protection under the 14 th amendment Precedent: state must provide separate and equal education with their own borders. Subsequent cases dealing with educational integration

6.   Sweat v. Painter (1950) Heman Sweat was barred from attending the white- only University of Texas law school University of Texas had created a separate law school for black students Court ruled that the black law school was separate but not equal to its counterpart which was restricted to whites Precedent: school’s must be equal in facilities Subsequent cases dealing with educational integration

7.   McLaurin v. Oklahoma board of Regents of Higher Education (1950) George McLaurin was admitted into the University of Oklahoma’s doctorate program McLaurin was forced to sit separately and eat separately from white students Supreme Court finds that this segregation negatively impacts McLaurin’s ability to learn, orders it to cease. Precedent: Separation inherently causes an inequality education Subsequent cases dealing with educational integration

8.   Thurgood Marshall was the leader of the NAACP who worked toward ended segregated America  He provided backing in a number of cases in the form of legal support and funding, and helped to win several major victories, one of which was Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka Thurgood Marshall

9.   For: The board of education attempted to argue that the system of segregation was fully functional, and that the system had no adverse affects on the students  Against: The arguments against the system of segregation pretty much pointed out the physical conditions of the schools, the lack of recognition and prestige in a lot of those schools, and that the separation of the schools created feelings of inferiority Arguments for and against segregation

10.   The schools lacked most basic supplies  Quality of buildings were lacking  Difficult for teachers The physical condition of the schools

11.   The Africa American colleges lacked prestige  African American professionals had a hard time being taken seriously The Schools of Higher Education lacked the prestige of the white schools

12.   The psychological effects on the children  The Clark Doll tests of 1939 The segregation of the schools created inherent feelings of inferiority

13.   Overturned the separated but equal doctrine Reverse Plessy v. Ferguson Declared segregation in public school is unconstitutional  Violate the “equal protection clause” of 14 th Amendment  It strengthened the democratic principal of equality Helped to convince American society to end racial segregation Provided a strong law for “the protection of equality of human rights” Impact of Brown v. Board decision

14.   The end of segregation by law in Education Allow other racial people to attend white schools  Supreme court’s decision had almost no effect Impact of Brown v. Board decision

15.   Timeline of events leading to Brown v. Board http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brown-v- board/timeline.html http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brown-v- board/timeline.html  Supreme Court Cases leading to Brown v. Board http://www.uscourts.gov/EducationalResources/ConstitutionRe sources/LegalLandmarks/HistoryOfBrownVBoardOfEducation.as px http://www.uscourts.gov/EducationalResources/ConstitutionRe sources/LegalLandmarks/HistoryOfBrownVBoardOfEducation.as px  Summary of Brown v. Board Decision http://www.nationalcenter.org/brown.html http://www.nationalcenter.org/brown.html  Educational materials for Brown v. Board http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/ http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/ Sources

16.  Thank you