1. SPACE

2. What can we see in the sky? Star constellations are groups of stars that seem to form shapes or patterns The stars in constellations may not actually be close to each other but just appear to be They have been used as calendars, timekeepers, and to help people find their direction on land and in the sea

3. Objects in the solar system Our solar system consists of our Sun, the eight planets, and the moons that surround some of the planets Planets and moons are nonluminous – they don’t emit their own light. If we see them, it only happens when the Sun reflects off of them toward the Earth Stars emit their own energy and are luminous

4. Comparing Planets and Stars FeaturePlanetStar LocationIn the solar systemFar beyond the solar system Distance from EarthFairly nearVery far Real sizeSmaller than most stars Usually larger than planets Reason we see object Reflects light from the sun Emits its own light Surface temperatureUsually cool or very cold Very hot What object is made of Usually rocks or gasesGases under high pressure and temperature Observable featureDoes not appear to twinkle Appears to twinkle Long-term observable feature Very slowly wanders through constellations Appears to move through sky as part of a constellation

5. The planets, in order from the sun are 1) Mercury 2) Venus 3) Earth 4) Mars 5) Jupiter 6) Saturn 7) Uranus 8) Neptune

6. The Effects of Planetary Motion Effect of Earth’s Rotation One type of motion of Earth is rotation (spinning on an axis) One rotation takes 24h Causes other objects (stars, sun, moon and planets) to appear to rise in the east and set in the west

8. Effect of Earth’s Revolution Another motion of the Earth is revolution (movement of one object travelling around another) It takes Earth one year to revolve around the Sun Allows us to see different constellations different times of year

10. Effect of Planets’ Motions Planets will appear to move differently than other stars and appear to move through certain constellations The planets are travelling around the Sun and they are much closer to us than the stars in the background Only five of the planets can be seen with the unaided eye: Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Mercury