1. The Respiratory System
Section 37-3
Pages

2. Respiration Process of gas exchange
The release of carbon dioxide and the
Uptake of oxygen between the lungs and the environment

3. Function
To exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide between the blood, the air, and tissues

4. Structures Nose & mouth Pharynx Larynx Epiglottis Trachea Bronchi
lungs

5. carbon dioxide exchange at
Flowchart
Movement of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide In and Out of the Respiratory System
Section 37-3
Nasal
cavities
Oxygen-rich
air from environment
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Oxygen and
carbon dioxide exchange at
alveoli
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Nasal
cavities
Carbon
dioxide-rich
air to the environment
Trachea
Pharynx

6. Cilia & Mucus
To keep lung tissue healthy, air entering the body must be warmed, moistened, & filtered
Mucus – moistens air & traps particles of dust and/or smoke
Cilia – sweeps trapped particles & mucus away from lungs & pharynx
Mucus & tapped particles are either swallowed or spit out
This process keeps the lungs clean & open for gas exchange

7. Hemoglobin Oxygen-carrying protein in blood
When blood goes into the lungs, the hemoglobin picks up oxygen and carries it to all the tissues in our body
It binds with so much oxygen that it increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood more than 60 times

8. Breathing – movement of air into & out of lungs
Breathing – movement of air into & out of lungs no muscles connected to lungs air pressure drives air into & out of lungs
Air exhaled
Air inhaled
Rib cage descends
Rib cage rises
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Inhalation
Exhalation

9. How Breathing is Controlled
Only have partial control over breathing
Medulla Oblongata controls breathing
Autonomic nerves are connected to diaphragm & chest muscles
They automatically stimulate them to contract to allow for breathing
Medulla Oblongata monitor CO2 levels
- when levels get high – send message to breath

10. Tobacco & the Respiratory System
Dangerous substances in tobacco:
1. Nicotine – stimulant drug, increases heart rate & blood pressure
2. Carbon Monoxide – poisonous gas that blocks the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin in blood
- decrease blood flow to tissues
- deprives heart & tissue of oxygen needed to function
3. Tar – contains compounds known to cause cancer

11. Effects on Respiratory System
Nicotine & Carbon Monoxide paralyze cilia
Unable to moved particles out of lungs
So particles stick on lungs & walls of trachea
Mucus becomes trapped in airways
Causes “Smokers Cough”
Leads to respiratory diseases

12. Diseases Caused by Smoking
Bronchitis – swollen & clogged bronchi
- unable to do simple activities without loss of breath
Emphysema – loss of elasticity of lungs
- unable to get enough air into lungs
- not enough oxygen gets to tissues
- unable to do any physical activities
Cancer – 160,000 people diagnosed every year
- once diagnosed usually die within 5 years
- preventable by not smoking
- lung cancer can spread to other areas in body
Heart Disease – smoking causes blood vessels to narrow
– which causes the heart to work harder & rises blood pressure
- leads to heart attack & damage to heart tissue

13. Smoking & the Nonsmoker
Tobacco smoke is dangerous to anyone who inhales it – even if you do not smoke
Passive Smoking – inhaling smoke of others
- damaging to kids
- lungs still developing – damage is greater
- kids of smokers are twice as likely to develop respiratory problems like asthma than kids of nonsmokers

14. Dealing With Tobacco
No matter what age or the length of time a person smoked – they can improve their health by quitting
Lungs can heal themselves as long as the tissue is not completely damaged
Smoking is hard to quit because of Nicotine – it is a very additive & powerful drug
So best solution is to not start to smoke in the first place