1. WWI Begins Chapter 19 Section 1 (Pgs. 554-561)

2. Causes of the WWI M – militarism A- alliances N – nationalism I – imperialism A – assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

3. Militarism The building up of armed forces ◦ Countries were having “arms races” to see who could build the best and strongest armies and navies. ◦ France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Japan, United States

4. Alliances Triple Entente (Allies) ◦ France, Great Britain, Russia Triple Alliance (Central Powers) ◦ Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy All vowed that if any country was attacked they would come to each others aid.

5. Nationalism Having a strong sense of pride for ones country. Many nations wanted to become independent of other nations that controlled them. Had pride in their countries and showed this by making them the best financially and securely.

6. Imperialism Countries competed to control other countries causing tensions. More land = more power Excuse to build up army and navy to “protect” colonies

7. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Gavrilo Princip shot and killed the Archduke of Austria-Hungary. This caused a chain reaction: ◦ 1. Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. ◦ 2. Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary. ◦ 3. Germany declared war on Russia ◦ 4. Germany declared war on France. ◦ 5. Great Britain declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.

8. Trench Warfare Most of the fighting was done in trenches ◦ Filled with rats and disease ◦ Muddy and unsanitary ◦ “trench foot” ◦ “no man’s land” – a barren expanse of mud pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire entanglements.

9. Trench Warfare

11. Trench foot 

12. American Neutrality America didn’t want to get involved. ◦ Sided with the Allies because didn’t agree with German tactics ◦ Many immigrants sided with their home countries

13. The United States Enters the War British had a blockade of Germany ◦ Created a famine where 750,000 Germans died As a result Germans created the U-boat ◦ Submarine ◦ Sunk many ships that had American passengers  Lusitania  Arabic  Sussex ◦ Americans told Germans to stop but they kept going.

14. The United States Enters the War Zimmermann note- ◦ Germans sent Mexico a telegram telling them that if they sided with the Germans and help defeat the United States then Germany would give them back the land they lost to the United States (Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona)  President Wilson was fired up and petitioned Congress to declare war.