2. 1914-1918: World War I 1914-1918: World War I The War that was SUPPOSED to end all Wars!

3. Differing Viewpoints  “Family Feud”  “Fall of the Eagles”  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

4. “The Explosive Material for WWI”: The Long- Term Causes

6. Loss of Alsace-Lorraine: Alsace-Lorraine

7. Militarism & Arms Race COUNTRYSOLDIERS (#)MONEY SPENT (in American $) Britain750,000$ 50,000,000 France1,500,000$40,000,000 Germany8,500,000$60,000,000 Austria-Hungary750,000$22,500,000 Russia1,250,000$15,500,000 Italy750,000$10,000,000 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

8. German-British Naval Rivalry: Type of ShipGreat BritainGermany Dreadnoughts2917 Pre-Dreadnoughts4020 Battle -cruisers349 Cruisers7441 Destroyers167130 Torpedo boats490 Submarines7521

9. German Imperial Ambitions: CountryPopulationPopulation of Colonies Area in km2 of Empire Great Britain40.8 million390 million27 million France39.6 million63 million11 million Germany63 million15 million2.5 million Austria-Hungary50 millionNone Russia139 millionNone

10. Aggressive Nationalism

11. The Schlieffen Plan

12. The Balkans, “The Powder Keg of Europe”  Territory formerly controlled by Ottoman Empire  Balkan nationalities like the Serbia gained independence after Russo- Turkish War (1877-78)  Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia & Herzegovina(1908) wanted to expand into Serbia  Serbia wanted to take Bosnia from Austria- Hungary  Russia wanted direct access to Mediterranean Sea; saw itself as protector of Slavs & Orthodox Serbs  Territory formerly controlled by Ottoman Empire  Balkan nationalities like the Serbia gained independence after Russo- Turkish War (1877-78)  Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia & Herzegovina(1908) wanted to expand into Serbia  Serbia wanted to take Bosnia from Austria- Hungary  Russia wanted direct access to Mediterranean Sea; saw itself as protector of Slavs & Orthodox Serbs

13. The Balkans, “The Powder Keg of Europe”  First Balkan War (1912) o Montenegro declares war on Turkey o Serbia, Montenegro & Greece pounce on Albania o Albania regains independence @ peace conference o Bulgaria loses spoils to Serbia, Montenegro & Greece  Second Balkan War (1913) o Bulgaria resists treaty’s demands o Bulgaria defeated by Serbia, Montenegro & Greece o Treaty of Bucharest redrew lines that violated informal ethnic & nat. boundaries  First Balkan War (1912) o Montenegro declares war on Turkey o Serbia, Montenegro & Greece pounce on Albania o Albania regains independence @ peace conference o Bulgaria loses spoils to Serbia, Montenegro & Greece  Second Balkan War (1913) o Bulgaria resists treaty’s demands o Bulgaria defeated by Serbia, Montenegro & Greece o Treaty of Bucharest redrew lines that violated informal ethnic & nat. boundaries

14. THE BISMARCKIAN SYSTEM:  Bismarck played Peacemaker in Europe for 20 Years. Why?  Isolate France (keep it w/o allies)  Maintain a balance b/t Russia & A-H (Balkans)  The Answer An exhausting system of shifting alliances  The Answer  An exhausting system of shifting alliances  Three Emperors’ League (1873)  Three Emperors’ League (1873)  Germany, A-H & Russia Dual Alliance (1879)  Dual Alliance (1879)  Germany & A-H; formed @ Congress of Berlin ending Russo- Turkish War  Triple Alliance (1882)  Triple Alliance (1882)  Italy joins Dual Alliance b/c of tensions w/ France  Reinsurance Treaty (1887)  Reinsurance Treaty (1887)  Germany & Russia promise neutrality in case the other was attacked  Bismarck played Peacemaker in Europe for 20 Years. Why?  Isolate France (keep it w/o allies)  Maintain a balance b/t Russia & A-H (Balkans)  The Answer An exhausting system of shifting alliances  The Answer  An exhausting system of shifting alliances  Three Emperors’ League (1873)  Three Emperors’ League (1873)  Germany, A-H & Russia Dual Alliance (1879)  Dual Alliance (1879)  Germany & A-H; formed @ Congress of Berlin ending Russo- Turkish War  Triple Alliance (1882)  Triple Alliance (1882)  Italy joins Dual Alliance b/c of tensions w/ France  Reinsurance Treaty (1887)  Reinsurance Treaty (1887)  Germany & Russia promise neutrality in case the other was attacked

15. Wilhelm II fires Bismarck

16. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

17. The “Spark”

18. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

19. The Assassination: Sarajevo

20. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

21. “The Explosion”: Outbreak of World War I

22. THE SUMMER OF 1914: THE IMMEDIATE ROAD TO WWI THE SUMMER OF 1914: THE IMMEDIATE ROAD TO WWI  June 28 Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand  June 28  Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand  July 23 Austria-Hungary (A-H) issued ultimatum to Serbia; emboldened by Wilhelm’s “blank check”  July 23  Austria-Hungary (A-H) issued ultimatum to Serbia; emboldened by Wilhelm’s “blank check”  July 28 A-H declared war on Serbia  July 28  A-H declared war on Serbia  July 29 Nicholas II ordered full mobilization of Russian troops  July 29  Nicholas II ordered full mobilization of Russian troops  Aug. 1Germans declare war on Russia  Aug. 1  Germans declare war on Russia  June 28 Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand  June 28  Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand  July 23 Austria-Hungary (A-H) issued ultimatum to Serbia; emboldened by Wilhelm’s “blank check”  July 23  Austria-Hungary (A-H) issued ultimatum to Serbia; emboldened by Wilhelm’s “blank check”  July 28 A-H declared war on Serbia  July 28  A-H declared war on Serbia  July 29 Nicholas II ordered full mobilization of Russian troops  July 29  Nicholas II ordered full mobilization of Russian troops  Aug. 1Germans declare war on Russia  Aug. 1  Germans declare war on Russia

23. THE SUMMER OF 1914: THE IMMEDIATE ROAD TO WWI (cont.) THE SUMMER OF 1914: THE IMMEDIATE ROAD TO WWI (cont.)  Aug. 3 Germany declares war on France  Aug. 3  Germany declares war on France  Aug. 4 German troops invade Belgium; Great Britain declares war on Germany  Aug. 4  German troops invade Belgium; Great Britain declares war on Germany  Aug. 3 Germany declares war on France  Aug. 3  Germany declares war on France  Aug. 4 German troops invade Belgium; Great Britain declares war on Germany  Aug. 4  German troops invade Belgium; Great Britain declares war on Germany WWI BEGINS !!!

24. Blackadder Explains the Causes of WWI:

25. Who’s To Blame?