1. A greenway network for a more sustainable Auckland Talking and Walking Sustainability Auckland 21 – 23 February 2007 Patrícia Vasconcelos

2. Greenway linear green open space alternative route for travel with non-motorised vehicles landscape connector multi- functional

3. Contents Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions 3 Greenways and urban sustainability Methodology Case study – Auckland Isthmus Conclusions

4. Greenways and urban sustainability Topics for urban sustainability Greenway benefits: - environmental - economical - social Urban sustainability Greenway network - Quality of life - Land use planning - Greener urban environments - Open spaces - Connections - Sense of identity and of belonging - Sustainable transport system Greenways and urban sustainability =>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions 4

5. Methodology None existing Proposed methodology based on: interpretation of landscape (Forman & Godron) network abstract system: nodes demand areas links greenways guided GIS-based approach Greenways and urban sustainability=> Methodology =>Case study=>Conclusions 5

6. 1) Identification of goal and objectives what is hoped the greenway network will be and what purposes it will serve 2) Land cover assessment demand areas identification, node generation 3) Nodal analysis node weight calculation, choice of nodes 4) Connectivity analysis connectivity calculation Gravity model 5) Network generation connectivity, cost to user, cost to builder 6) Evaluation of the outputs choice of most appropriate greenway network Major steps of the methodology Greenways and urban sustainability=> Methodology =>Case study=>Conclusions 6 6

7. Case study – Auckland Isthmus Auckland region: 1,223,200 inhabitants => 31% of NZ population Auckland Isthmus: 420,700 inhabitants, area = 157.34 km 2 Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 7

8. Goal: to improve urban sustainability of Auckland Isthmus Objectives: to provide a sustainable alternative transport route to protect land from development to preserve open and green spaces improve their accessibility 1) Identification of goal and objectives Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 8

9. to link: open spaces green spaces schools commercial facilities community facilities expressed intention of Auckland City Council Objectives (cont.) Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 9

10. Total of nodes: 4,889 Total of node classes: 12 2) Land cover assessment Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 10

11. criterion: area Inventory of possible greenway benefits Ranking of benefits – choice of most relevant Calculation of node class weight – NCW 48 32 chosen Choice of nodes Calculation of node weight – NW Sustainability value 3) Nodal analysis Based on the relevance of the node class towards the goal of the network Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 11

12. Representation of all nodes by their NW Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 12

13. Based on: Node weight (NW) Distance (D) Viability of potential links links ≤ 1.5 km length Generation of viable links: 587,602 Determination of connectivity (C): Gravity model: 4) Connectivity analysis Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 13

14. guided GIS-based approach user specifies strategic nodes route function cost: connectivity based on maximum viable greenway network, i.e. all viable links 7 alternative greenway networks – A to G 5) Network generation Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 14

15. Greenway network – F Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 15

16. Greenway network – C Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 16

17. Same main skeleton! From network A to network G: cost to builder decreases cost to user increases Multi-circuit networks cross town links Master plan: greenway network F upgrading until C is reached 6) Evaluation of the outputs Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=> Case study =>Conclusions 17

18. Greenways are a valuable tool towards urban sustainability Conclusions Master plan of a greenway network for a more sustainable Auckland guide to effective implementation Methodology proposed guided GIS-based node weight, connectivity flexible universal Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=> Conclusions 18