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© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy Part 1 Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 2 What qualities do you think a successful student must have? Regardless of how much college experience you already have, this book is designed to help you become better at reading, understanding, and evaluating college level material.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 3 What does it take for a student to be successful in a reading class? Come to class Turn in all of the required work. To get the most out of college, be the kind of student who always goes to class and always turns in the assignments!
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 4 How well prepared you are to do well in college? How strong is your commitment to be successful in your classes? How well do you manage your time (e.g., do you always run late or do you complete assignments on time)? Do you have a regular study environment that reduces distraction and encourages concentration? How effective are you at reading and note-taking (e.g., do you remember what you read; can you decipher your notes after you’ve written them)? Do you attend class regularly and listen for instructions and important ideas? Do you participate actively in class discussions and ask meaningful questions?
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 5 How well prepared you are to do well in college? Do you generally read assigned chapters in the textbook before attending class so that you are not reading the chapters the night before the exam? Are you usually prepared before class with questions about material that needs clarification or that expresses your own interest in the subject matter? How do you handle test anxiety (e.g., do you usually feel prepared for exams and quizzes so that you are not terrified by them)? Do you actively evaluate how you are doing in a course based on feedback from your instructor and then make corrections to improve your effectiveness? Do you seek out advice and assistance outside of class from your instructors or their teaching assistants?
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 6 Think about the following A, B, C’s of doing well in college. A lways go to class. B e at your class on time and don’t leave early. C omplete all of your work on time.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 7 Learning Styles Not everyone learns the same way. We all have preferred learning styles, which are the ways of learning that allow us to learn best.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 8 Visual Learner You learn best by seeing or visualizing information. You understand best by reading, looking at photographs, maps, charts, and picture puzzles. You might use flash cards to memorize material.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 9 Auditory Learner You learn best by hearing or listening to explanations. You understand best by listening to lectures, discussions, reading out loud, and even by listening to tape recorded material.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 10 Logical Learner You learn best by thinking through a subject and finding answers that make sense. You understand best by making connections between different thoughts and ideas as opposed to just memorizing material.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 11 Tactile Learner You learn best by doing. You need to be active. You understand best when you are learning through the use of physical activity. You are good at working with your hands and usually take copious notes from lectures. You might even learn best by walking around a room as opposed to sitting in a chair or desk.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 12 Questions for Reflection: How should you study to take best advantage of your learning styles? What major or classes best suits your preferred learning styles? Which teachers best suit your learning styles?
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 13 The Course Syllabus The syllabus presents an outline of the requirements and objectives for the course as well as an explanation of the grading system. It often includes: dates for quizzes, tests, and the final exam a list of assignments and their due dates the class attendance policy information needed to contact the instructor ground rules and requirements for the class.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 14 By accepting the syllabus and taking the class, you are agreeing to abide by these rules and requirements. Use the syllabus to create a study plan. Keep your syllabus on hand so that you can easily refer to it.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 15 Review Your Course Syllabus Answer the following questions by looking at the course syllabus for your reading class. 1. Where is your instructor’s office located? What are the office hours? 2. What is the attendance policy? 3. What is your instructor’s policy on making up missed homework, quizzes or exams? 4. When is your first quiz? How many points is it worth? 5. Is extra credit available? If so, how can you earn it? How much is it worth? 6. Are you allowed to turn in assignments late? What are the rules governing late work? 7. What is the date for the final exam? What percent of the final grade is it worth? 8. Is there any indication of the instructor’s primary teaching style? If so, how does it match up with your learning style? 9. Is anything missing from the syllabus that you would like to know about?
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 16 Maria Shriver’s Advice: Excerpt from Ten Things I Wish I’d Known Before I Went Out Into the Real World 1.First and Foremost: Pinpoint Your Passion 2.No Job Is Beneath You 3.Who You Work for and with Is As Important As What You Do 4.Your Behavior Has Consequences 5.Be Willing to Fail 6.You Do Not Have To Do It All. 7.Children Do Change Your Career (Not to Mention Your Entire Life) 8.Marriage Is a Hell of a Lot of Hard Work 9.Don’t Expect Anyone Else to Support You Financially 10.Gotta have laughter
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 17 VOCABULARY To be a successful college student, you need a college-level vocabulary. Improving your vocabulary will make you a better reader, speaker, and writer. Some effective techniques that can help you improve your vocabulary: Context Word Structure Dictionary Homonyms In trying to determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word, you may need to employ all of these techniques in combination.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 18 Context Clues When you come across an unfamiliar word in your reading, the first step you should take toward discovering its meaning is to look for context clues. The context of a word is what surrounds it, which includes the sentence it appears in, other nearby sentences, or even the whole article.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 19 Word Structure The main part of the word is called the root Prefixes come before the root Suffixes come after the root You can discover the meaning of a word by breaking it down into its parts. Knowing the meaning of the word parts should help you decipher the word’s meaning.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 20 Dictionary Looking up an unfamiliar word in the dictionary should be your last recourse for determining the meaning of a word. You may find several different definitions for a particular word. You need to pick the one that fits the word in its sentence. Context clues will help you pick the right definition.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 21 Homonyms Misuse of homonyms is common. Homo means “same” and nym means “name.” Homonyms are words or phrases with the same “name” or pronunciation, but different spellings or meanings.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 22 Verbal Analogies A verbal analogy is an equation that uses words instead of numbers. Many standardized tests have sections that feature verbal analogies. Verbal analogies not only test your knowledge of vocabulary words, but also your ability to see relationships between words and the concepts the words represent. Word analogies can involve many kinds of relationships. Some common relationships that appear in word analogies are: synonym antonym cause-and-effect
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 23 Thesaurus A thesaurus is a special kind of word book organized by categories that enables you to refine your writing by helping you select precisely the right word for any given situation. A thesaurus gives synonyms for the most common nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in the English language.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 24 Optimism and Success According to Martin Seligman, a University of Pennsylvania psychologist, how people respond to setbacks--optimistically or pessimistically--is a good indicator of how well they will succeed in school, sports, and certain kinds of work. People with an optimistic view of life tend to treat obstacles and setbacks as temporary (and therefore surmountable). Pessimists take them personally; what others see as fleeting, localized impediments, they view as pervasive and permanent. Unrealistic optimism can make people believe they are invulnerable and stop them from taking sensible steps to avoid danger.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 25 Critical Thinking To succeed as a college student, you will need to be able to read, write, and think critically. Learning to think critically is one of the lasting benefits of getting an education. Facts and theories may change. Thinking and problem-solving skills last a lifetime. Critical thinking refers to an ability to evaluate, compare, analyze, critique, and synthesize information. Critical thinkers are willing to ask hard questions and challenge conventional wisdom.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 26 Critical thinking is built upon four basic principles: 1. Few “truths” transcend the need for empirical testing. 2. Evidence varies in quality. 3. Authority or claimed expertise does not automatically make an idea true. 4. Critical thinking requires an open mind.
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Part 1: Learning How to Be a Successful Student Introduction: Learning How to Be a Successful Student © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Art of Critical Reading Mather ● McCarthy 27 What evidence is there to support the claim? Anecdotal Evidence Casual Observation Authority Formal Evidence
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