1. Any Active State, With Any Button You Want A G Inc. Click within the blue frame to access the control panel. Only use the control panel (at the bottom of screen) to review what you have seen. This presentation is partially animated. When using your mouse, make sure you click only when it is within the blue frame that surrounds each slide.

2. Your comfort level with your responses to the following 12 question assessment tool should indicate if the presentation that follows will increase you knowledge base on the topic outlined by the questions in this tool. Pre-presentation Self Assessment Activity

3. V + V + (1)In the button’s passive state there is no magnetism. Yes __ No ___ Pre-presentation Self-Assessment Activity PB 1 (2)In a function diagram of the circuit above, circle the icon below that would be the correct label for the button. PB1 (3)The button above is an active low button. Yes __ No ___ (4)In the button’s passive state there is no magnetism. Yes __ No ___ (5)In a function diagram of the circuit above, circle the icon below that would be the correct label for the button. PB1PB2 (6)The button above is an active low button. Yes __ No ___ PB 2

4. (1)In the button’s passive state there is no magnetism. Yes __ No ___ Pre-presentation Self-Assessment Activity V + PB 1 (2)In a function diagram of the circuit above, circle the icon below that would be the correct label for the button. PB1 (3)The button above is an active low button. Yes __ No ___ In the button’s passive state there is no magnetism. Yes __ No ___ In a function diagram of the circuit above, circle the icon below that would be the correct label for the button. PB1 The button above is an active low button. Yes __ No ___ V + (7) (8) (9) PB 1

5. V + (13)In the button’s passive state there is no magnetism. Yes __ No ___ Pre-presentation Self-Assessment Activity (14)In a function diagram of the circuit above, circle the icon below that would be the correct label for the button. PB1PB2 (15)The button above is an active low button. Yes __ No ___ (10) In the button’s passive state there is no magnetism. Yes __ No ___ (11) In a function diagram of the circuit above, circle the icon below that would be the correct label for the button. PB1PB2 (12) The button above is an active low button. Yes __ No ___ V + PB 2

6. V + Establishing a “High/Low” Signal Convention The signal here is V + The electrons in this resistor are also at the “source signal value. This is also the “source” signal value. This is the “source” signal There is no current flowing through either resistor. The signal value here is also V volts. + A “trick” for learning how to identify the relative signal at any location within a circuit is to recognize the amount of energy associated with any electron anywhere in the circuit. In the example above, an electron at the top of the circuit has its maximum “extra” energy value. As long as there is no electron movement along the circuit, all of the electrons anywhere in the circuit will have the same energy value. All electrons with the same energy value have the same signal (in this case) voltage value as well.

7. V + The signal here V + The signal here is < V + But it is > 0 Volts The signal here is 0 volts. This is the “high” signal This is the “source” signal This the “low” signal. There is current flowing through this coil. In this example, the circuit is also connected to a “zero” volt source. Electrons move through both resistors. Location “a” The voltage value at location “a” is the same “high” signal relative to the operation of the resistor and inductor below location “a”. The voltage drop value across the resistor and the inductor below location “a” is the same BUT the amount of current through each circuit element is not the same. through both resistors and the inductor. Electrons at the top of the circuit have a different energy value than electrons at the bottom of the circuit. There always was current flowing through this resistor. Signal Value Determinations

8. V + PB 1 The signal here V + The signal here is 0 volts. This the “low” signal. Location “a” Electrons move through the top resistor and PB1. In this example, the circuit path is “shorted” to ground via PB1. Electrons at location “a” essentially have the same energy value as electrons at the “ground” terminal of the circuit. Ground terminal Now the signal at location “a” is the low signal. There is minimal to no current flow (depending on small resistance value of PB1) through the resistor or inductor also connected to location “a”. This is now a “low” signal point in the circuit. Signal Value Determinations

9. PB 1 The signal here is 0 volts. The circuit path is “shorted” to ground via PB1. a “low” signal point in the circuit. The signal here V + No electrons move through the inductor. Signal Value Determinations

10. PB 1 The signal here is 0 volts. The circuit path is NOT “shorted” to ground via PB1. No electrons move through the inductor. No magnetic field The signal here V + PB 1 a “low” signal point in the circuit. a “High” signal point in the circuit. Signal Value Determinations

11. PB 1 The signal here is 0 volts. The circuit path is NOT “shorted” to ground via PB1. a “High” signal point in the circuit. electrons move through the inductor. magnetic field The signal here V + PB 1 Signal Value Determinations

12. PB 1 The signal here is 0 volts. a “low” signal point in the circuit. The signal here V + No magnetic field Signal Value Determinations

13. PB 1 The signal here is 0 volts. a “High” signal point in the circuit. The signal here V + PB 1 Magnetic field Signal Value Determinations

14. PB 1 The signal here is 0 volts. a “low” signal point in the circuit. The signal here V + No magnetic field Signal Value Determinations

15. PB 1 The signal here is 0 volts. a “High” signal point in the circuit. The signal here V + PB 1 Magnetic field Signal Value Determinations

16. PB 1 a “low” signal point in the circuit. The signal here V + No magnetic field The signal here is 0 volts. “low” signal point Signal Value Determinations

17. PB 1 The signal here V + Magnetic field The signal here is 0 volts. “High” signal point Signal Value Determinations

18. PB 1 The signal here V + No magnetic field The signal here is 0 volts. “low” signal point N.C. The push button in this circuit is normally closed. In this circuit, when the button is not pushed, the “control” signal is the low. (this control signal is low) Signal Value Determinations

19. PB 1 The signal here V + Magnetic field The signal here is 0 volts. “High” signal point The push button in this circuit is normally closed. In this circuit, when the button is not pushed, the “control” signal is the low. In this circuit, when the button is pushed, the “control” signal is the high. (this control signal is high) Signal Value Determinations

20. PB 1 The signal here V + No magnetic field The signal here is 0 volts. “low” signal point N.C. Once these ideas are understood, the entire push button control circuit can be reduced to an icon. FOR THIS CASE, The button circuit section is just know as an active high push button. (this control signal is low) PB 1

21. V + NC This is a convenient way to summarize all of the circuitry associated with the button especially when the inductor is the focus of the circuit story. V + NC Active Signal Status PB 1 The button is active high and there is no magnetism when the button is not active (the button is not being pushed). “low” signal point “high” signal point PB 1 Notice the differences in this circuit. The button is active low and the magnetism goes away when the button is active. The low signal appears at the top of the inductor when the button is depressed. In this situation, the design criteria was to have magnetism unless the button was depressed.

22. V + V + NO PB 2 The button is active high and there is no magnetism when the button is not active (the button is not being pushed). PB 2 The button is active low and the magnetism goes away when the button is active. The low signal appears at the top of the inductor when the button is depressed. “low” signal point “high” signal point Active Signal Status

23. Summary You can buy two different types of push buttons. Active Signal Status a Normally Open Push Button, PB1 a Normally Closed Push Button, PB2 You can wire a normally closed push button two ways. as an active high push button, PB 2 as an active low push button PB 2 You can wire a normally open push button two ways. as an active high push button, PB 1 as an active low push button PB 1 V + V + V + V +

24. V + V + (1)In the button’s passive state there is no magnetism. Yes __ No ___ Post-presentation Self-Assessment Activity PB 1 (2)In a function diagram of the circuit above, circle the icon below that would be the correct label for the button. PB1 (3)The button above is an active low button. Yes __ No ___ (4)In the button’s passive state there is no magnetism. Yes __ No ___ (5)In a function diagram of the circuit above, circle the icon below that would be the correct label for the button. PB1PB2 (6)The button above is an active low button. Yes __ No ___ PB 2

25. V + PB 1 In the button’s passive state there is no magnetism. Yes __ No ___ In a function diagram of the circuit above, circle the icon below that would be the correct label for the button. PB1 The button above is an active low button. Yes __ No ___ (7) (8) (9) Post-presentation Self-Assessment Activity (10) In the button’s passive state there is no magnetism. Yes __ No ___ (11) In a function diagram of the circuit above, circle the icon below that would be the correct label for the button. PB1PB2 (12) The button above is an active low button. Yes __ No ___ V + PB 2

26. (13)This button is active high ___ active low____ V + PB2 Post-presentation Self-Assessment Activity V + PB2 V + PB 1 V + (14)This button is active high ___ active low____ (15)This button is active high ___ active low____ (16)This button is active high ___ active low____

27. End of Presentation A G Inc.