1. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria WORKING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ARCHITECTS AND BUILDING CONTRACTOR AND SUBCONTRACTOR: AREAS OF CONFLICTS  Introduction  Building practise in Nigeria  The Architects  Contractors  Subcontractors  Working Relationships  Areas of Conflicts  Conclusion and Recommendations

2. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria INTRODUCTION Working relationships are built on essential qualities which must reflect in all contractual chain hence professionals in the building industry must develop relationships that are base on common goal and shared interest. Building industry is not only targeted at meeting clients need but also to improve the behavioural pattern of the professionals in the construction industry.

3. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria BUILDING PRACTISE IN NIGERIA Building practice in Nigeria dates back to the 1930s with few construction activities. Construction contracting in Nigeria witnessed an overwhelming upsurge during the oil boom of the 1970s. The public sector constitutes the major client of the construction industry in Nigeria. Building design and construction are being undertaken by design team and construction team.

4. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria  THE ARCHITECTS Architects are the overall leader of the design team whose major responsibility is to administer the contract. The specific duties of an architect are: (a) Handing over of site to contractor (b) Checking and confirmation of setting out of building (c) Coordination of other consultants activities

5. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Duties of architects continues… (d) Site inspection (e) Issuing interim certificates (f) Submission of quarterly progress report to the client (g) Handing over of completed or partially completed building to client (i) Final inspection/ completion certificates/final account/ final payment

6. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria CONTRACTORS Contractors are the organization/firm which erect the building and carry out the associated works. they gather facts, analyse the fact, predict the likely outcomes and thereafter take the necessary action. SUB-CONTRACTORS A sub-contractor is a person who is hired by a general contractor or prime consultant or main contractor to perform a specific task.

7. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria WORKING RELATIONSHIPS Architects, contractors and subcontractors have their distinct roles to play in construction process, they must work together from the inception of a project to completion. To ensure good working relationship, there should be; (a) Good communication (b) Mutual respects for each other (c) Complementing and encouraging each other (d) Regular site meetings

8. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria AREAS OF CONFLICTS Conflict is unavoidable in the construction industry. The causes of conflict are; difference in belief, orientation, views, imagination and ego. Conflict also arises from: (a) Misaligned ambitions (b) lack of respect (c) Misinterpretation of design drawing (d) Failure to execute instructions

9. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria CONCLUSION The working relationship between professionals in the building industry enhances productivity and project delivery. Despite the union that exist among the professionals in the building industry, there are some areas of conflicts which cannot be unequivocally avoided.

10. ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 807: Professional Practice and Procedure Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria  RECOMMENDATIONS (a) Professionals in the building industry should work together from inception to completion of building project. (b) Architect should acquire specialized knowledge to effectively resolve conflicting issues on a project. (c) All rising conflicts must be resolved immediately.